TERATOGENISIS, CANNABIS, ILLICIT Flashcards
when is the critical period of embyronic development and teratogenesis
3w-3m
intersting fact about dose response of teratogens
there are instanses where lethaluty may occur before obvious teratagenesis is detected
what do teratogens interefere with and not interfere with
interefere with embyonic or fetal development but often do not affect the placenta or maternal organism
-variable effects, no NOAEL
what does the placenta have a poor capability of
poor phase 1 reaction capability
what can the placenta facilitate transfer for
permitting chems with molecular weights under 600 Da while excluding over 1000da or charged molecules
what can Fetal alcohol syndrome cause
Deformities of the face, microcephaly, retardation, congenital heart defects
hat can smoking cause
intrauterine growth retardation, sudden infant death syndrome
classic content of thc by weight
2-30% by weight
what is the impact of canabis on driving
10% in fatally injured drivers
What it a characteristic of canabis biochemically
rapid mvmt across membranes, sequestration into adipose tissue
3 types of canabis and thc content
sativa- moderate
indica- high
ruderalis- low
what is the effect of delta 8 thc
no sig impacts on behaviour or perception but may modulate overall effects
what is the bioavailibity of of smoked/vaped cannabis and eaten cannabis
smoked- 10-50%
eaten- 5-10%
how is cannabis biotransformed and what is the main metabolite
hepatic biotransformation by p450 and conjugation
-high urin conce of carboxy-THC
What is the time course effects for feeling high compared to dose
Slight lag for high
-few mins after peak conc and persits even after plasma conc decreases
what are the receptors that canabis acts on and what do they do
CB1 receptors in the CNS
CB2 receptors regulate immune and immflammatory responses
–Both G coupled
what are the 2 endogenous endocannabinoids
Anandamide
2 Arachdonoylglycerol
increase GAGA receptors
what are side effects of opiods
-reduction in gut motility, reduction in bp, ant cough, flushed face, sweating, pinpoint pupils
What is the triad of opiod poisoning
pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, coma
What are the effects of cocaine poisoning
convulsions, coma, death
What are the 2 effects of cocaine and how does it work
local aneasthetic- blockage of sodium channels (reduction of stim)
CNS stim- blocks reuptake of catacholamines (dopamine etc)
What characterizes cocain abuse and the effects (3)
heavy use- more than 5 g a week
-intensified acute effects
-psycosis and paranoia
psychotic reactions and sudden arrest
Behavioural effects of amphetamines
- very excited nervous manner
- dialated pupils
- jerking mints
- contantly turning
- figity
what is the pharmacology of amphetamines
over stim and release of catecholamines (MDMA, Serotonin)
-inhibit reuptake
