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PA 2307- Mod 8 > CNS, ALC, ANXIOLYTICS, ANTDEPRESS! > Flashcards

CNS, ALC, ANXIOLYTICS, ANTDEPRESS! Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychchotropic vs phychoactive

A

psychotropic- any substance that acts centrally

Psychoactive- substances that alter mood

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2
Q

neuromodulators

A

act upon postsynaptic cells without producing action pot but altering the post synaptic response

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3
Q

size of classic nts

A

small molecules ranging from 111-190 da

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4
Q

What are the amino acid neurotransmitters (excitatory and inhibitory)

A

excitatory- glutamate

inhibitory- GABA, glycine

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5
Q

what are neuropeptides

A

alpha and beta endorphins which are endogenous opiods

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6
Q

sodium/chloride/potassium conc loc

A

pot higher inside

sodium and choride higher outside

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7
Q

ach synthesis and degredation

A

choline is taken up by neurons and converted by choline acetyltransferase to ach

acetylcholine esterase hydroxyzes it to acycle coa and choline

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8
Q

how is serotonin formed

A

formed by hydroxylation and decarboxylation of aa tryptophan

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9
Q

How is serotonin degraded

A

degreded by monoamine oxidase isozymes into 5-HIAA

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10
Q

How is most excess serotonin delt with

A

reuptake into ppre synaptic nerve endings

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11
Q

What is the production of catacholamines

A

tyrosine->L dopa-> dopamine-> noradrenaline-> adrenaline

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12
Q

how are catecholamines removed from the synaptic cleft

A

catechol-o-methyl transferase and high affinity transporters that carry undegraged nts into the pre synaptic cytoplasm

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13
Q

what are the excitatory and inhibitory catecholamine receptors

A 
D1= excitatory
D2= inhibitory
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14
Q

what about alcohol makes it more intoxicating

A

lipophilicity increases with each carbon number and so does the degree of intoxication

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15
Q

How much of alcohol is oxidized by the liver

A

90%

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16
Q

what is the steps to alcohol biotransformation

A
  1. oxidation of ethanol into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase
  2. acetaldehyde to acetate by acetaldhede dehydrogenase
    - enzymes found in cytosol of hepatic cells
17
Q

what order metabolism does alcohol go thru

A

zero order metabolism

18
Q

What is the microsomal pathway used for in alcohol metabolism

A

during chronic ethanol consumption meos activity increases resulting in faster elimination of alcohol from blood

19
Q

what is oxidation of alcohol inhibited by

A

disulfiram which inhibits acetyladehyde dehydrogenase

20
Q

How does ethanol affect neurotransmission

A

Enhances the action of GABA at the GABA (a) receptor and inhibits the ability of glutamate to open cation channels (NMDA)

21
Q

what does methaanol biotransformation result in and what is side effect of poisoning + antidote

A

slow formation of formaldyhyde and formic acid

-most characteristic side effect is visual disturbances and metabolic acidosis

Fomepizole used to inhibit ADH

22
Q

What occurs during binding of GABA to benzo receptor

A

chloride channels open and cl flows into the cell resulting in neuronal hyperpolarization

23
Q

what is the antidote for bentzos in a overdose sit

A

Flumaxenil is a specific antagonist at the GABA a receptor

24
Q

what enzyme systems are used for benzo biotransformation

A

phase 1 (p450) then phase 2 after

oxazepan just goes through phase 2

25
Q

what was the first antidepressent

A

mao inhibitor iproniazid

26
Q

What is an SSRI and SNRI

A

SSRI= selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

SNRI= selective noradrenelin reuptake inhibitor

27
Q

what are the negative side effects of tricyclic antidepresents

A

anti cholinergic activity as related to brain + heart

All produce considerable blockage of muscarinic cholingeric receptors resulting in sedation + cardiotox

28
Q

what is the benifit of SSRIs over TCAs

A

less cardiotoxic effect (ex venladxine has none)

29
Q

What can the mixing of MAOIs with TCAs cause

A

Seritonin syndrome

  • -muscle tone up
  • -body temp up
  • -tachycardia
  • -hypertension
30
Q

what can mixing ectasy and TCAs lead to

A

hyper and hypotension and hyper pyrexia

31
Q

what are antipsychotics made to do

A

antagonists of the dopamine D2 recetor that exists pre and post synaptically

(side effect may be parkinsonism)

32
Q

what is the drug of choice for the management of PD related psychotic reactions

A

Quetiapine

33
Q

Adverse effects of antipsychotics (5)

A
  1. Akinesia
  2. Rigidity
  3. Tremor
  4. Akathisia (restlessness)
  5. dyskinesias (involuntary)

PA 2307- Mod 8 (8 decks)

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