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PA 2307- Mod 8 > ADVERSE RXNs, HEAVY MTLS > Flashcards

ADVERSE RXNs, HEAVY MTLS Flashcards

1
Q

what increases the risk of adverse drug rxns (3)

A
  • pts over 60
  • women>men
  • multiple drug therapy
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2
Q

what are the pharmacokinetic mechanisms for drug interactions (4)

A

GIT absorbtion
Drug distribution
Biotransformation
Renal Excretion

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3
Q

What is the threshold limit value in industry

A

value descrubes the permitted exposure usually weighted for an 8 hr period (substance per cubic meter air)

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4
Q

what does 1ppm mean

A

1 miligram per kilogram

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5
Q

what is NOAEL and LOAEL

A

no observable adverse events level

low observable adverse events level

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6
Q

What is the calculation for safe human dose

A

NOAEL/Uncertentiy factors

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7
Q

What is the non biological factors of metals

A

tendency to ionize
1st time= end with ous
2nd time= end with ic

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8
Q

trivalent chromium vs hexavalent chromium- toxicity

A

tri- relatively non toxic

hexa- toxic and carcinogenic

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9
Q

what form of lead, tin, mercury absorb more redialy

A

Organic forms

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10
Q

Rank order of toxicity: elemental mercury, methyl mercury, divalent mercury

A

methly> elemental> divalent

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11
Q

what does acute exposure to Hg cause (4)

A

Hg affinity for SH groups- causing disruption of cell membranes

  • displacement of other cations
  • reduction in mito glutathione
  • effect on peripheral motor neurons
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12
Q

What are the negative effects of lead

A

Hematopoetic toxicity- reduced heme/ hemaglobin

Interference w synaptic function/ nts

Nephrotoxic

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13
Q

What are the negative effects of cadmium

A
  • irritation of GIT
  • highly nephrotoxic in prox tubule
  • disturbance in calcium metabolism (cause osteomalacia)
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14
Q

what does inhalation of arsenic lead to

A

inhalation leads to lung cancer

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15
Q

What are the negative effects of arsenic

A
  • vascular lesions
  • GIT irratation
  • affect on peripheral motor neurons
  • headache/confusion
  • liver jaundice/cirrhosis
  • mees lines in nails
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16
Q

Negative effects of chromium

A

Respiratory major target for organ toxicity

Carcinogenic- lung and GI

17
Q

Negative effects of beryllium

A

inhalation route of exposure

-lung fibrosis, pneumonitis, cardiomegaly

18
Q

what is lithium used for

A

bipolar manic depressive

19
Q

What is platin used for

A

inhibits cell div

20
Q

What is gold used for

A

rheumatoid arthritis

21
Q

What is silver used for

A

bactericidal eye creame for newborns

22
Q

What is cheation and how is it excreted

A

Formation of metal ion complexes with ligand to detoxify

23
Q

What does ethylene diamine tetraacetitic acid chelate

A

lead

24
Q

What was british anti lewisite used for

A

chelate antidote against arsenic, mercury, antimony, chromium, cadium, gold, nickel

25
Q

What is penicillamine used to chelate

A

copper

26
Q

What was desferrioxamine use to chelate

A

iron

27
Q

what are the 3 major urban pollutants

A
  1. total suspended particulate matter
  2. Sulfur oxides
  3. ground level ozone
28
Q

What is arthropogenic material

A

created by human activuty

29
Q

whtat is sick building syndrome and what does it cause

A

poor ventilation

–eyes, nose, headache, fatigue, reduced attention span, irritability, nosebleeds

30
Q

what type of polution is dickens londons particular

A

sulfur dioxide and smoke from incomplete combustion of coal - reducing type

31
Q

what type of polution is los angles

A

oxident type consisting of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen- contributes to ground level ozone

32
Q

What is photochemical air pollution

A

when exposed to light NO molecules split and great reactive oxygen with reacts w oxygen in air to make ozone (cycle)

33
Q

Drugs that affect bronchial mm contraction

A
  • antihistamines
  • synpathomimetic agents
  • beta 2 selective adreno receptor agonists
  • anticholinergic drugs
  • calcium channel blockers
  • anti inflammatory steroids

PA 2307- Mod 8 (8 decks)

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