Tension Pneumothorax Flashcards
What are the hallmark signs of tension pneumothorax?
Severe dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, neck vein distention, asymmetric chest movement, and absent breath sounds on the affected side.
What is a late but critical sign of tension pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation away from the affected side.
What skin findings might indicate tension pneumothorax?
Profuse diaphoresis, cyanosis, and signs of respiratory distress
How does tension pneumothorax affect the cardiovascular system?
Increased intrapleural pressure decreases venous return, leading to hypotension and decreased cardiac output.
What causes jugular vein distention (JVD) in tension pneumothorax?
Increased intrathoracic pressure compresses the heart, obstructing venous return.
Why is tension pneumothorax primarily a clinical diagnosis?
It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention before imaging is done.
What breath sounds are present with tension pneumothorax?
Decreased or absent on the affected side.
What imaging confirms tension pneumothorax?
Chest x-ray shows a mediastinal shift, collapsed lung, and hyperinflation on the affected side.
What bedside diagnostic tool can quickly confirm pneumothorax?
Ultrasound (FAST scan) can rapidly detect air in the pleural space.
What is the definitive treatment following needle decompression?
Insertion of a chest tube with a drainage system to re-expand the lung.
What is the immediate treatment for tension pneumothorax?
Emergency needle decompression (thoracostomy) with a large-bore needle in the second intercostal space, midclavicular line.
What should be done if a chest tube is accidentally clamped or blocked?
Immediately unclamp or relieve the obstruction to prevent tension pneumothorax.
What precautions should patients take after recoAvering from a pneumothorax?
Avoid high-altitude travel, scuba diving, and strenuous activities that increase intrathoracic pressure.
How can patients with chest tubes prevent tension pneumothorax?
Ensure the chest tube is not kinked or clamped without medical direction.
Why is recognizing early signs of pneumothorax important?
Prompt intervention prevents progression to life-threatening tension pneumothorax.
