Iatrogenic pneumothorax Flashcards
What are the key signs of iatrogenic pneumothorax?
Sudden dyspnea, tachypnea, chest pain, absent breath sounds on the affected side, and decreased O2 saturation.
What procedure-related symptoms may indicate iatrogenic pneumothorax?
Onset of respiratory distress after invasive chest procedures, ventilatory support, or esophageal interventions.
What should be assessed in a patient who recently had an invasive chest procedure?
Breath sounds, chest symmetry, oxygenation status, and signs of respiratory distress.
What complications should be monitored in mechanically ventilated patients?
Monitor for sudden deterioration, decreased breath sounds, and tracheal deviation (suggestive of tension pneumothorax).
How does mechanical ventilation contribute to pneumothorax?
Excessive positive pressure can cause alveolar rupture, leading to barotrauma-induced pneumothorax.
What is the impact of esophageal injury on pneumothorax development?
Air leakage from the esophagus into the pleural space can cause pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema.
What diagnostic imaging confirms iatrogenic pneumothorax?
Chest x-ray shows air in the pleural space and lung collapse.
What additional test may be done for esophageal-related pneumothorax?
Esophagogram or contrast swallow study to detect esophageal perforation.
How is barotrauma-induced pneumothorax diagnosed in ventilated patients?
sudden deterioration in oxygenation, increased peak airway pressures, and visible lung collapse on imaging.
What is the immediate intervention for iatrogenic pneumothorax?
Supplemental O2 and, if needed, chest tube insertion to remove air from the pleural space.
How is barotrauma-related pneumothorax managed in ventilated patients?
Adjust ventilatory settings to lower airway pressures and minimize alveolar overdistension.
When is surgical intervention needed for iatrogenic pneumothorax?
Persistent air leak, recurrent pneumothorax, or associated esophageal perforation requiring repair.
What precautions should patients take after procedures that may cause pneumothorax?
Report sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or difficulty breathing immediately.
What should patients be aware of regarding ventilator-induced lung injury?
Risk of barotrauma increases with high airway pressures—discuss ventilator settings with the healthcare team.
How can iatrogenic pneumothorax be prevented?
Use ultrasound guidance for invasive procedures, carefully regulate ventilator settings, and monitor for early signs of lung injury.
