Chylothorax Flashcards
What is a defining characteristic of chylothorax fluid?
Milky white pleural fluid, rich in lipids, often accumulating in large volumes
What respiratory symptoms occur with chylothorax?
Dyspnea, chest discomfort, and reduced breath sounds on the affected side
What systemic symptoms may occur?
Fatigue, malnutrition (due to protein and fat loss), and weight loss.
What are the common causes of chylothorax?
Trauma (e.g., thoracic surgery), malignancies (e.g., lymphoma), and congenital defects.
How does chylothorax affect nutrition?
Loss of lipids and proteins from the lymphatic system can lead to malnutrition and immunosuppression.
What breath sounds might be heard in chylothorax?
Diminished or absent on the affected side due to fluid accumulation.
What imaging studies help diagnose chylothorax?
Chest x-ray and CT scan show pleural effusion; ultrasound can confirm fluid presence.
What lab tests confirm chylothorax?
Pleural fluid analysis showing high triglycerides (>110 mg/dL) and chylomicrons.
How can lymphangiography help in chylothorax?
It identifies thoracic duct leakage or disruption.
What conservative treatments are used for chylothorax?
Chest tube drainage, dietary modifications (low-fat diet or total parenteral nutrition), and octreotide to reduce lymph flow.
When is surgical intervention necessary?
Thoracic duct ligation or pleurodesis may be needed for persistent cases.
How does pleurodesis help in chylothorax?
It creates adhesions between the pleurae, preventing further fluid accumulation.
What dietary modifications are recommended for chylothorax?
A low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) or bowel rest with total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
Why should patients monitor respiratory symptoms closely?
Rapid fluid accumulation can cause respiratory distress, requiring immediate intervention.
How can patients prevent worsening of chylothorax?
Avoid strenuous activities that increase intrathoracic pressure, which may worsen lymphatic leakage.
