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MSK Pathophysiology > Tendons > Flashcards

Tendons Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are involved in a Tibialis tendon condition?

A

Tibialis posterior muscle
Passes through the medial maleolous

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2
Q

What are the symptom of a Tibialis posterior injury?

A

Flat feet
Pain and swelling along medial foot and ankle
Abnormal wear on shoes

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for a tibialis posterior injury?

A

Repeated micro trauma where the tendon travels through the medial malleolous
Eversion of the subtaler joint causes the heel to move into valgus and push on the tendon

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4
Q

How would you test for a tibialis posterior tendon injury?

A

Pain on palpation of the tendon
Plants flexion, and inversion strength

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5
Q

What structures are involved in an Achilles tendon tear?

A

The Achilles tendon catches the gastrocnemius and Soleus to the calcaneous of the foot

Heel fat pad protects the calcaneus from the tendon rubbing on it

It’s the strongest thickest and largest tendon in the body

The tendon is spiral naturally at the distal end of the tendon, creating an area of concentrated stress, allowing force transmission

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of an Achilles tendon tear?

A

Swelling
Loss of range of motion
Pain pain
Unable to plant flex

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7
Q

How does Achilles tendon tear occur?

A

Sudden plantar flexion of the foot during knee extension, such as starting a sprint or jump

Sudden of violent Dosie, flexion of the foot

Usually a complete rupture

Repetitive contractions of the calf muscles, overtime, needed, degeneration, and eventually rupture

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8
Q

How would you test for an Achilles tendon tear?

A

Thompson test

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9
Q

What structures are involved in a flexor hallucis longest tendinopathy?

A

The flexor hallucis longest muscle

The distal tendon wraps around the tibia talus and sustemtaculumtali and passes through the fibrous, synovial, lined tunnel

The tendon is surrounded by its own synovium sheath

The muscle flexes the big toe and stabilises the first metatarsal head, keeping the distal toe in contact with the ground during to off

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of a flexor hallucis longest tendinopathy?

A

Posterior medial ankle pain
Clicking or a grating sensation

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11
Q

How does a flexor hallucis longest tendinopathy occur?

A

Forced and repetitive plant flexion of the foot

Thickening Of the tendon can lead to impingement in the posterior ankle tunnel

Repetitive compression of the tendon onto the bones. It passes over can lead micro trauma.

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12
Q

How would you test for a flexor hallucis longest tendinopathy?

A

Thickening of the tendon on Palpation

Limited flexion

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13
Q

What structures are involved in a glute med tendinopathy?

A

Glute med muscle
Hip abduction and medial rotation
Stabilises the hip

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14
Q

How does a glute med tendinopathy occur?

A

ITB compresses the glute med tendon during abduction

Greater q ankle increases compression

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15
Q

How would you test for glute med tendinopathy?

A

Resisted hip abduction
Resisted de rotation

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16
Q

What’s involved in a quadriceps tendon injury?

A

Quadriceps muscles

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of a quadriceps tendon strain?

A

Anterior knee pain
Pain when loading quads
Pain with stairs
Pain with squatting

18
Q

How does a quadriceps strain occur?

A

Repetitive tendon load
Sudden eccentric contraction of quads
Excessive stretching
Activation of maximally stretched muscle

19
Q

What is involved in a hamstring tendon strain?

A

Hamstring muscles
Long proximal distal tendons

During swing phase of walking they are maximally stretched then generate maximum tension

Contract eccentrically to decelerate hip flexion

20
Q

What are the symptoms of hamstring strain?

A

Pain in stretch or contraction
Morning stiffness
Swelling and bruising
Loss of rom

21
Q

How does a hamstring strain occur?

A

Dysfunction between quads and hamstrings Biceps femoris most common due to big stretch

Excessive lengthening of muscle during hip flexion and knee extension - Semimembranosus

String quads and weak hamstrings

22
Q

What is involved in medial epicondylitis?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion point for the wrist and finger flexors

Flexor carpi radialis and Pronator teres most common

23
Q

What are the symptoms of medial epicondylitis?

A

Pain at medial epicondyle
Pain up or down the arm
Stiffness or weakness of wrist and hand

24
Q

How would you test for medial epicondylitis?

A

Modified milking manoeuvre

25
Q

What is involved in lateral epicondylitis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Common extensor insertion
Extensor carpi radialis brevis

26
Q

What are the symptoms of lateral epicondylitis?

A

Pain at lateral epicondyle
Pain radiating down arm
Weakness and reduced rom

27
Q

How would you test for lateral epicondylitis?

A

Cozens
Mills

28
Q

What is involved in proximal bicep tear?

A

Biceps origin
Attachment to labral of glenoid

29
Q

What are the symptoms of proximal biceps tear?

A

Pain with overhead activities
Pain after movement
Pop eye deformity

30
Q

How does a proximal biceps tear occur?

A

Long head most common
Occurs alongside rotator cuff injuries

31
Q

How would you test for proximal biceps tear?

A

Speeds test
Yergasons

32
Q

What is involved in a rotator cuff tendon injury?

A

Rotator cuff muscles
Actively stabilise humerus into glenoid

33
Q

What are the symptoms of rotator cuff tear?

A

Pain at night
Pain with overhead activity
Weakness of muscles
Shoulder stiffness

34
Q

How does a rotator cuff tear occur?

A

Supraspinatus most common
FOOSH
Force to shoulder when pushing or pulling
During shoulder dislocation

Micro trauma due to acromial space

35
Q

How would you test each rotator cuff for a tear?

A

Supra- empty can
Subscapularis - lift of

36
Q

What is involved in a distal biceps tear?

A

Insertion of biceps at radial tuberosity

37
Q

What are the symptoms of distal biceps tear?

A

Pop eye deformity
Bruising and swelling
Sharp pain at elbow

38
Q

How does a distal biceps tear occur?

A

Sudden eccentric force to a flexed elbow

39
Q

How would you test for a distal biceps tear?

A

Hook test
Resisted biceps contraction

40
Q

What is involved in de quervins tenosynivitis?

A

Extensor pollucis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Lie within a fibrous sheath with a synovial lining at the first met dorsal compartment

41
Q

What are the symptoms of de quervins?

A

Pain and swelling over radial stylus

Pain with thumb movements
Pain with gripping and lifting

42
Q

How does de quervins occur?

A

Acute
Compression or blunt trauma to lateral dorsal wrist

Overuse
Repetitive thumb movements cause tendinopathy

MSK Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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