Other

Question 1

What is the patella fat pad and its function?

Answer 1

Mass of adipose tissue within the joint capsule
High density of nerves within
Distributes pressure accross PF joint
Stabilises the patella
Mechanoreceptor
Proprioceptor

Question 2

What are the symptoms of fat pad irritation?

Answer 2

Swelling
Pain with jumping and standing
Pain with extension
Anterior knee pain

Question 3

How does fat pad irritation occur?

Answer 3

Microtrauma of the fat pad due to falls
Inflammation causes the fat pad to swell
Swelling increases surface area for irritation
Ossification can occur

Question 4

How would you test for fat pad irritation?

Answer 4

Glide the patella to feel for adhesions

Question 5

What is a bursa?

Answer 5

Small fluid sack in areas of compression
Provides lubrication for tendons to glide over to reduce friction

Question 6

What are the symptoms of knee bursitis?

Answer 6

Pain and swelling
Painful limited rom
Warmth around knee

Question 7

What causes knee bursitis?

Answer 7

Kneeling
Sharp blow to the knee
Becomes irritated and fills with synovial fluid
Swelling increases surface area causing more irritation
Inflammation

Question 8

How do you test for knee bursitis?

Answer 8

Rule out ligaments
RA
OA

Question 9

What are the symptoms of hip bursitis?

Answer 9

Lateral hip pain
Swelling at lateral hip
Referred pain down leg or lx
Pain climbing stairs
Pain lying on side

Question 10

How does a hip bursitis occur?

Answer 10

Tendons of abductors cause compression on bursa
Overuse microtrauma
Direct blow can cause swelling

Question 11

How would you test for hip bursitis?

Answer 11

Palpation - tender over greater trochanter
Pain on resisted abduction

Question 12

What structures are involved in adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 12

Glenohumeral joint
Anterior superior joint capsule
Coracohumeral ligament
Rotator cuff muscles

Question 13

What are the symptoms of adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 13

Pain initially
Gradual reduction in rom
Loss of external rotation
Trouble dressing
Difficulty with overhead activities

Question 14

What is the cause of adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 14

Can occur after shoulder injuries
Inflammation within gh causes pain and rom reduction
Thickening of structures and inflammation reduces joint space

Question 15

How do you test for adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 15

Scapula winging
ROM assesment
Resisted muscle tests

Question 16

What structures are involved in ITB syndrome?

Answer 16

ITB - sense fibrous connective tissue
Originates from the TFL and glute max
Inserts into gerdys tubercle at lateral tibial plateau

Contributes to knee stability during rotation
Moves anteriorly and posterior with knee rom

Question 17

What are the symptoms of ITB pain syndrome?

Answer 17

Lateral knee pain
Pain with activity - descending stairs
Snapping sensation
Swelling at lateral knee

Question 18

How does ITB syndrome occur?

Answer 18

Overuse injury
Tightening during knee rom due to weak abduction
Band rubs on femoral condyle
Can impinge at 30 degrees of flexion as it moves posteriorly

Question 19

How to test for ITB syndrome?

Answer 19

Palpate the ITB
Pain with resisted abduction