Tendon Problems Flashcards

1
Q

Tendonitis vs tendonosis

A

Tendonitis - acute injuries accompanied by inflammation

Tendonosis - Chronic tendon injury with damage to a tendon at cellular level

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2
Q

what is tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendon sheath

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3
Q

embryology - where do tendons arise from

A

lateral plate mesoderm

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4
Q

Conservative Mx for tendon problems

A

Rest
Analgesics/NSAIDs
Steroid injections
Splinting

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5
Q

what conditions are not given steroid injections and why not

A

Achilles tendon or extensor knee mechanisms

risk of rupture

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6
Q

surgical Mx for tendon problems

A

debridement
decompression
synovectomy - helps to present rupture
tendon transfer

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7
Q

muscles of the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatous
infraspinatous
subscapularis
teres minor

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8
Q

clinical findings of a rotator cuff tear

A
Achy pain
Pain in 4 tendons of RC
Shoulder tenderness
Difficulty sleeping on affected side, reaching overhead & on lifting
Painful arc with RC weakness
Positive impingement tests
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9
Q

what are the impingement tests

A

Hawkins-Kennedy
Jobe’s
Scarft

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10
Q

what is the gold standard test for rotator cuff tear

A

Ultrasound

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11
Q

which head of bicep is typically affect in biceps tendinopathy

A

predominantly long head

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12
Q

what can be causes of biceps tendinopathy

A

overuse, instability,, impingement, trauma

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13
Q

symptoms of biceps tendinopathy

A

Pain anterior shoulder radiating to elbow
Aggravated by shoulder flexion, forearm pronation and elbow flexion
Snapping with shoulder movements

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14
Q

Ix for biceps tendinopathy

A

USS

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15
Q

sign of biceps rupture

A

popeye sign

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16
Q

what is Golfer’s elbow

A

Medial epicondylitis

inflammation of flexor forearm muscles

17
Q

symptoms of Golfer’s elbow

A

medial elbow pain
aggravated by wrist flexion and pronation
associated ulnar neuropathy/muscle weakness

18
Q

Ix for medial epicondylitis

A

USS

MRI

19
Q

Mx for medial epicondylitis

A

rest
physio
injection
surgical release

20
Q

what is tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis

Pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle (the origin of extensors muscles)

21
Q

what test is positive in lateral epicondylitis

A

Mill’s test - pain is reproduced by resisted wrist extension with palm pronated whilst moving the palm sideways in the direction of the thum

22
Q

Ix for tennis elbow

A

USS
MRI
NCS - to see if the ulnar nerve has been hurt

23
Q

what is affected in De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

first compartment

- APL and EPB

24
Q

where is pain felt in De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

over radial styloid process

25
Q

what test is positive in De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

Finklestein’s test

26
Q

Ix for De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

USS

Xray to rule out CMC OA

27
Q

what are the clinical findings of extensor knee problems

A

palpable gap
No straight leg raise (SLR)
can’t walk on it anymore

28
Q

Ix for extensor knee problems

A

XR - in case they have # patella
USS
MRI

29
Q

Mx for extensor knee problems

A

surgical repair

30
Q

what predisposes to Achilles tendon

A

RhA
Steroids
Tendonitis

31
Q

features of Achilles tendon

A

sudden force

‘feels like being shot’ - very painful

32
Q

clinical findings in Achilles Tendon

A

palpable gap
unable to tiptoe stand
bruising
Simmond’s test +ve

33
Q

Ix for achilles tendon

A

USS

MRI