Children's Normal Growth and Development Flashcards
why are children prone to getting septic arthritis
blood supply to growth plate is quite sluggish
there is very set guidelines for what is normal in children’s development - true or false
false
there is a very broad range of ‘normal’ limits in children
what are factors that help us grow
diet sunshine - vit D vitamines growth plates hormones movement
what are factors that can affect growth
Heuter-Volkmann Law
Periosteal release
Fractures
Blood flow
milestones of MSK system in children
6m - rolls, can sit 10m - sits unsupported 1y - stand holding something 18m - walks alone 2y - run, stairs 2 at time 3y - up stairs 1 at time 4y - down stairs 1 at time, hop 8y - adult gait
what are the categories of flat foot
flexible flat feet (painless vs painful)
Stiff flat feet (painless vs painful)
what can be a feature of flat feet
tight achilles tendon
what are flat feet
feet that have not developed an arch
what is definition of flexible flat feet
flattened medial arch forms with dorsiflexion of the great toe (Jack test)
what is definition of stiff flat feet
arch remains flat regardless of load or great toe dorsiflexion
may require surgery
what causes in-toeing
femoral neck anteversion
internal tibial torsion
metatarsus adductus
what is in-toeing
when walking and standing will have feet that point toward the midline
what do parents complain about in children with in-toeing
clumsy and wear through shoes at an alarming rate
all babies are born with bow legs - when does if become abnormal
after 2 years
what is the other term for bow legs
Genu Varum
what can excessive Genu Varum be due to and what is the treatment
growth disorder of the medial proximal tibial physis - Blount’s disease
surgery - osteotomy
when would you be concerned about genu vacuum/bow legs
Asymmetry
Not resolving
Painful
Height
what is knock knees also known as
genu valgum
what are causes of genu valgum
rickets tumours (enchondromatosis) trauma NF Idiopathic
when do we worry about genu valgum
asymmetry
Inter-malleolar distance > 8cm at 11 years
features of patellofemoral dysfunction
anterior knee pain
localised patellar tenderness
common in teenage girls
thought to be due to muscle imbalance, ligamentous laxity and subtle skeletal predispositio
what is the treatment of anterior knee pain
self-limiting
physio to rebalance muscles
most patients grow out of it
what must be checked with knee pain
the hip
can be referred pain due to obturator nerve
what is curly toes
Minor overlapping of the toes and curling of toes is common with the fifth toe is most frequently affected
Tx of curly toes
most correct themselves
can cause discomfort wearing shoes
surgical correction
