Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Tendon Pathology > Flashcards

Tendon Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Define a Tendinopathy

A

Disease of a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Tendonitis?

A

Inflammation of a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is meant by Tendonosis?

A

Chronic tendon injury with damage to a tendon ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation of the tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an Enthesopathy?

A

Inflammation of the tendon ORIGIN or the INSERTION into bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main function of a tendon

A

Transmit load from muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are tendons composed of?

A
  • Water
  • Collagen (Type 1 – 85% of dry weight)
  • Proteoglycans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tendons have a poor blood supply. TRUE/FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an endotendon?

A
  • Outer layer of CT
  • Lies within tendon sheath
  • contain nerves and small blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What intrinsic factors can predispose to tendinopathy?

A
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Obesity
  • Pre-disposing diseases e.g Rh A
  • Anatomical factors and Mal-alignment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What extrinsic factors can predispose to tendinopathy?

A
  • Trauma / Injury
  • Repetitive injury
  • Sports related factors

Drugs:

  • Steroids
  • Antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are tendinopathies conservatively managed?

A 
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (R.I.C.E.)
Physio 
Analgesics (NSAIDs if req'd)
Injections
Splinting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What position is the foot in for achilles tendinopathy casting and splinting?

A

Tip toe position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the principles of surgical management for tendinopathy?

A 
Debridement (Remove diseased tissue)
Decompression
Synovectomy (to prevent rupture)
Extensor tendons of wrist
Tendon transfer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the process by which the rotator cuffs acquire pathology

A

Extrinsic compression + Intrinsic degeneration

Inflammation of subacromial bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What groups of people are most likely to get rotator cuff pathology?

A 
Athletes (throwing events)
Manual workers (painters)

also grey hair = cuff tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What clinical findings would you possibly see in rotator cuff pathology?

A
  • Achy pain down arm
  • Difficulty sleeping on affected side
  • Difficulty reaching overhead and on lifting
  • Painful arc +/- weakness
  • Positive impingement tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are rotator cuff pathologies usually treated?

A

Conservative – physio, inject

Surgical – subacromial decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is biceps tendinopathy?

A

Either:

  • tendonitis
  • tendonosis
  • rupture
  • tenosynovitis

Can occur at proximal OR distal end of bicep
Mainly long head of biceps = affected where it passes through the bicipital groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What symptoms may a patient with biceps tendinopathy experience?

A
  • Pain anterior shoulder
  • radiating to elbow
  • Snapping with shoulder movements if subluxation

Aggravated by:

  • shoulder flexion
  • forearm pronation
  • elbow flexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What groups of people usually get biceps tendinopathy?

A
  • occupations with heavy lifting/overhead work
  • athletes involved in throwing events
  • swimmers
  • gymnasts
22
Q

What imaging method is used to investigate biceps tendinopathy?

A

Ultrasound

23
Q

What are the clinical signs which point towards bicep rupture?

A

“Popeye” sign (noticeable bicep lump)
Extensive Bruising
Positive Hook Sign (can get finger underneath bicep when asking pt to tense it)

24
Q

Why are conservative treatments used more in biceps tendinopathy?

A

Surgery risks damage to NVB especially at distal end

25
Q

What condition is more commonly known as “Tennis Elbow” ?

A

Lateral Epicondylitis

26
Q

What is the lateral epicondyle also known as?

A

The common extensor origin

27
Q

What causes Lateral Epicondylitis?

A

Eccentric overload at common extensor tendon origin
=> Tendinosis and inflammation
- angiofibroblastic hyperplasia
- breakdown/fibrosis

28
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis usually occurs in the dominant arm. TRUE/FALSE?

A

TRUE

29
Q

What symptoms do patients usually present with when they have Lateral Epicondylitis

A

Pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle

Pain with resisted extension of middle finger

30
Q

How is lateral epicondylitis treated?

A

Self-limiting
Non-inflammatory process but injections can help
Surgical release and debridement

31
Q

What is the more common name for Medial Epicondylitis?

A

Golfer’s Elbow

32
Q

Medial epicondylitis is more common than lateral epicondylitis. TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

Lateral (Tennis Elbow) is more common

33
Q

Why should you avoid injecting steroids into the medial epicondyle in Golfer’s Elbow?

A

Risk of damage to the ulnar nerve

34
Q

Where is De Quervains tenosynovitis found?

A

First extensor compartment

35
Q

What muscles does De Quervains affect?

A

Abuctor Pollucis Longus and Extensor Pollucis Brevis

36
Q

What part of rheumatoid arthritis causes extensor tendon rupture?

A

Autoimmune attack on synovium

=> tendon degeneration and rupture

37
Q

What symptoms of extensor tendon rupture can be seen in RA?

A

Weakness wrist extension or dropped finger

38
Q

What treatment is used if the diseased tendon cant be repaired in an Extensor Tendon rupture?

A

Tendon transfer

Synovectomy can prevent this

39
Q

What other pathology can predispose to an extensor pollucis longus rupture?

A

Undisplaced Radial Fracture

40
Q

What tendon can be used to do a transfer in an extensor pollucis longus rupture?

A

EIP (Extensor indicus proprius)

41
Q

Why is surgical release of the A1 pulley in trigger finger contraindicated in RA?

A
  • may exacerbate ulnar drift

=> Synovectomy preferred

42
Q

What can cause a rupture in the knee extensor mechanism?

A

blunt or penetrating trauma
steroids
antibiotic
diabetes

43
Q

What can be seen on clinical examination of an extensor mechanism rupture?

A

palpable gap

no straight leg raise

44
Q

What can be noted on imaging when there is an extensor mechanism rupture?

A

X-rays may show an effusion
Patella sitting in the wrong place (high or low)
US or MRI may show partial or complete tear

45
Q

How does Osgood-Schlatter’s disease usually present

A
  • Insertion of patellar tendon into tibial tuberosity
  • Leaves prominent bony lump
  • common in adolescent active boys
  • Can also happen at patella and achilles
46
Q

What type of action can cause a rupture of the achilles tendon?

A

Sudden acceleration / deceleration – running / squash

47
Q

What conditions and medications can cause achilles tendon rupture?

A

RhA, steroids, tendonitis

48
Q

What clinical signs can indicate an achilles tendon rupture?

A
  • Palpable gap
  • Unable to tiptoe stand
  • Simmonds’s test +ve (pinching calf mucles plantar flexes foot)
49
Q

What can rupture of the Tibialis Posterior lead to?

A

Progressive flat foot and valgus hindfoot

50
Q

How is rupture of Tibialis Posterior treated?

A 
NSAIDs
Orthotics / cast
Inject
debride
**May be helped by tendon transfer**
51
Q

Tendon steroid injections are more likely to be used in the lower limb than the upper limb.TRUE/FALSE?

A

FALSE

they are more likely to be injected in the upper limb

Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions