Temporal Lobe Flashcards
What does the temporal lobe house
primary auditory cortex secondary auditory and visual cortex limbic cortex amygdala hippocampus.
What do primary lobe areas do in general
detect specific modality information
What do secondary lobe areas do in general
perception of stimuli
What do tertiary lobe areas do in general
integration - make sense of and integrate stimuli
Where is the Primary Auditory cortex
Transverse Temporal Gyrus (or Heschl’s gyrus)
How are cells in the Primary Auditory cortex organised
tonotopically mapped according to characteristics of sound information such as frequency, pitch, amplitude
In what area are the basic individual elements of sound are integrated into more meaningful/ recognisable aspects of speech or music
secondary area / unimodal association area
What does the left hemisphere primary and secondary areas of the temporal lobe specifically do
understanding the phoneme
damage to the left hemisphere primary and secondary areas of the temporal lobe means that …
have trouble perceiving auditory information
can’t break up language into it’s parts
like hearing a foreign language
What does the right hemisphere primary and secondary areas of the temporal lobe specifically do
processing the characteristics of sound such as pitch, frequency, amplitude and timbre
If you can’t distinguish between musical instruments there may be damage to what area
right hemisphere primary and secondary areas of temporal lobe
What a test for damage to left hemisphere primary and secondary areas of the temporal lobe
WAIS vocab test
Wapmans test
Inability to follow instructions may be a result of what particular temporal lobe damage
left hemisphere primary and secondary areas
What are the two two parallel visual pathways
Ventral Pathway (Parvocellular) - underneath Dorsal Pathway (Magnocellular) - on top
What is the Ventral Pathway
projects ventrally from occipital lobe to the inferior temporal lobe
What is the Dorsal Pathway
projects dorsally from occipital lobe to the Medial Temporal area and then onto posterior parietal cortex.
What do Neurons in the Ventral Pathway respond to
a wide variety of shapes and colours and so it is
involved in the perception of What the object is
Which is the WHAT pathway
Ventral Pathway
What do Neurons in the dorsal pathway respond to
dynamic motion and direction of an object and hence it is involved in the perception of Where the object is.
Which is the WHERE pathway
Dorsal Pathway
What is a test of ventral pathway
Boston Naming Test
WAIS picture completion
Where is visual integration assumed to occur
Junction of occipito-parieto-temporal
Why is memory important for visual information
Visual information is matched with stored memory,
particularly memory for categories
Which area appears to be heavily involved
in categorisation
middle temporal gyrus
In terms of visual processing Temporal lobe patients have trouble accessing what
categories, with the specificity of categories and in
making specific and fine categories
What is a test of categorisation
FAS
WAIS similarities
What area is involved with multi-modal integration of information from the visual, parietal and auditory associations areas
superior temporal gyrus – at the junction between parieto-temporal lobes
The limbic system, is heavily involved with what functions
emotion, memory and learning
What are the limbic structures
Amygdala, Hippocampus and olfactory regions
Which structure is involved with emotion/fear response
Amygdala
What does the hippocampus do in terms of memory
laying memory down and converting it to long term storage and also in accessing memory
How are memory and emotion associated
Long term memory is associated with emotional
valence
Emotions helps us understand and remember
information
Learning is dependent on our emotions and how we
associate stimuli with positive, negative or neutral
stimuli.
inability to differentiate between emotionally different stimuli, even if the consequence is important.is a result of
Lesions to the connections between the hippocampus and amygdala
Memory is made up of what 3 functions
encoding + storage + retrieval
Olfactory areas are associated with what
memory
Declarative/explicit memory is located where and what is it
synapses of hippocampus/medial temporal lobe
Memory of facts.
What is a test of declarative memory
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)
California Verbal Learning Test
Rey Complex Figure
Procedural/implicit memory of skills and habits is located where and what are the implications
synaptic connections within striatum, motor cortex and cerebellum.
Can learn new skills even with temporal lobe damage
Procedural memory of associative learning that leads to an emotional response is located where
synapses within the amygdala
Resection of the hippocampus results in impairment of what
Declarative / explicit memory.
an inability to form new memories and to recall recent events ie anterograde amnesia
Long term memory is a function of what general area
Temporal lobe
We remember scary things more than neutral things because of what
amygdala
what is proceedural/implicit memory
Long term memory of skills/procedures – “how to”
knowledge.
what are temporal lobe lesions associated with:
(1) disturbance of auditory sensation and perception,
(2) disorders of music perception,
(3) disorders of visual perception,
(4) disturbance in the selection of visual and auditory input,
(5) impaired organization and categorization of sensory input
(8) altered personality and affective behavior, and
(9) altered sexual behavior.
What does the the mirror drawing task involve
implicit learning of skilled movements.
