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Anatomy Week 16 > Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa > Flashcards

Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q 
INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA BOUNDARIES
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Lateral
Medial
A

Anterior:
- Infratemporal Surface Maxilla

Posterior:
-Vertical Plane of Styloid Process (of Temporal Bone)

Superior:

  • Infratemporal surface
  • Crest of Greater Wing of Sphenoid

Inferior:
- Horizontal Plane of Alveolar Margin of the Mandible

Lateral:
- Ramus of Mandible

Medial:
- Lateral Pterygoid Plate

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2
Q

Fissures and Foramina of the Infratemporal Fossa

A
  1. Pterygomaxillary Fissure
  2. Mandibular Canal
  3. Foramen Ovale
  4. Foramen Spinosum
  5. Alveolar Canal
  6. Petrotympanic Fissure
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3
Q

What part of the temporal bone articulates with the mandible?
- what is the articulation called?

A
  • Tympanic Part

- Form Temporomandibular join t

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4
Q

What is the supramastoid crest

A
  • Posterior extension of the zygomatic arch above the mastoid
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5
Q

The groove for what artery can be found vertically oriented above the mastiod process?

A
  • Groove for the middle temporal artery (branch of superficial temporal)
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6
Q

What features of the temporal bone are involved in making the temporomandibular joint?

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Superior
A

Anterior:
- Articular Tubercle (at bottom of zygomatic process)

Posterior:
- Tympanic part of the temporal bone (overlying the EAM)

Superior:
- Mandibular Fossa

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7
Q

What feature marks the division between the squamous and tympanic parts of the temporal bone?
- What passes through?

A
  • Petrotympanic Fissure

- Chorda Tympani (on its way to the infratemporal fossa)

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8
Q

Foramen Ovale and Foramen Spinosum allow for passage of structures between what two spaces?
- What structures

A

Communication between:

  • Middle Cranial Cavity
  • Infratemporal Fossa

Structures:

  • Middle Meningeal a. (spinosum)
  • V3 (ovale)
  • Lesser Petrosal - IX (ovale)
  • Accessory Meningeal a. (ovale)
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9
Q

What bony structure is immediately medial to foramen spinosum?
- What attaches here?

A
  • Spine of the Sphenoid

- Sphenomandibular Ligament attaches here

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10
Q

What are the anterior, posterior, and superior processes of the zygomatic bone?

A
  • Anterior: Maxillary Process
  • Posterior: Temporal Process
  • Superior: Frontal Process
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11
Q

What muscle(s) attach(es) to the coronoid process?

A
  • Temporalis muscle
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12
Q

What is the anterior border of the coronoid process continuous with anteriorly?

A
  • Oblique line (on the lateral, exterior surface of mandible)
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13
Q

What is the name of the shallow depression on on the anterior surface of the neck of the mandible?
- What attaches here?

A
  • Pterygoid Fovea

- Lateral Pterygoid Attaches here

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14
Q

What attaches to the lingula of the mandible?

A
  • Sphenomandibular ligament

spans spine of sphenoid and lingula

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15
Q

What attaches to the roughened area on the medial side of the ramus of the mandible?

A
  • Medial Pterygoid muscle
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16
Q

What two parts make up the TMJ, what divides TMJ into these two parts?

A

Articular Disk - Makes the division

Lower Part:
- Hing-like depression and Elevation

Upper part:
- Protrusion and Retraction

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17
Q

T or F: opening the mouth requires both depression and protursion

A

True

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18
Q

What 3 ligaments are associated with TMJ?

A
  1. Lateral Ligament (lateral)
  2. Sphenomanibular ligament (medial)
  3. Stylomandibular Ligament (posterior)
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19
Q

What structures does the stylomandibular ligament span?

A
  • Styloid Process

- Posterior margin and angle of mandible

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20
Q

What mm. are involved in depression of the mandible?

A

Downward:

  1. Digastric
  2. Geniohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid

Forward:
1. Lateral Pterygoid mm.

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21
Q

What mm. are involved in elevating the mandible?

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Medial Pterygoid
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22
Q

What mm. are involved in protraction of the mandible?

A
  1. Lateral Pterygoid

- some assistance of medial pterygoid

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23
Q

What mm. are involved in REtraction of the mandible?

A
  1. Geniohyoid
  2. Digastric
  3. Temporalis
  4. Massester
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24
Q

What is the innervation of all of the muscles used to move TMJ?
- exception?

A
  • Branches of V3

Exception:
- Geniohyoid = C1 via hypoglossal

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25
Q

What nerve and artery supply the masseter?

A

Nerve:
- Massenteric n. (=> V3)

Artery:
- Massenteric a. (=> Maxillary a.)

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26
Q

What forms the medial and lateral floors of the temporal fossa?

A

Medial - continuous with infratemporal fossa

Lateral - Region containing masseter

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27
Q

T or F: the temporalis muscle also contributes to side to side movement of the mandible

A

True

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28
Q

What fossae/fissures are found in the roof of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  1. Foramen Spinosum
  2. Foramen Ovale
  3. Tympanic Fissure
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29
Q

What muscle runs between the two heads of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A
  • LOWER head of the Lateral Pterygoid
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30
Q

What happens to your chin when you flex your medial and lateral pterygoid muscles only on one side?

A
  • Chin moves to the opposite side
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31
Q

What is the only branch of the trigeminal that has motor function?

A
  • Mandibular n. (V3)

* Maxillary (V2) and Opthalmic (V1) both are purely sensory

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32
Q

What does the motor part of V3 innervate?

A

Muscles of Mastication:

  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Medial Pterygoid
  • Lateral Pterygoid

MATT:

  • Mylohyoid
  • Anterior Digastric
  • Tensor Tympani
  • Tensor Veli Palatini
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33
Q

V3 drops down between what two muscles to exit the middle cranial fossa to get to the infratemporal fossa?

A

Through Foramen Ovale btwn:

  • Tensor Veli Palatini (Medial)
  • Upper Head of lateral Pterygoid (lateral)
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34
Q

T or F: the motor branch of trigeminal must pass through the trigeminal gangion to exit the middle cranial cavity?

A
  • False, it exits through foramen ovale after bypassing the ganglion, THEN joins the sensory nn.
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35
Q

What branches are given off of V3 BEFORE it splits into anterior and posterior trunks?

A
  1. N. to Medial Pterygoid

2. Small meningeal branch

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36
Q

What are the branches of the anterior trunk of trigeminal?

- Predominant function

A

Motor:

  1. N. to Lateral Pterygoid
  2. Masseteric n.
  3. Deep Temporal n.

Sensory:
1. Buccal n.

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37
Q

What are the branches of the Posterior trunk of trigeminal?

- Predominant function?

A

Sensory:

  1. Auriculotemporal n.
  2. Inferior Alveolar n.
  3. Lingual n.

Motor:
1. N. to mylohyoid

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38
Q

What is the course of the meningeal branch of V3?

  • sensory or motor?
  • to where/what?
  • Trunk
A
  1. Branches from V3 BEFORE trunk division
  2. Reenters foramen Spinosum with Middle Meningeal a.

***Sensory to Dura Mater

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39
Q

What is innervated by the n. to medial pterygoid (V3 - NO trunk) ?

A
  1. Medial Pterygoid m.
  2. Tensor Veli Palatini
  3. Tensor tympani
40
Q

What is the course of the buccal n. (Ant. Trunk - V3)?

A
  1. Passes BETWEEN upper and lower heads of the lateral pterygoid
  2. passes anteriorly and laterally to cheek LATERAL to buccinator m.
41
Q

What is innervated by the buccal n. (Ant. Trunk - V3)?

A

GSA to:

  • Cheek skin
  • Oral mucosa (lower molars)
  • Buccal Gingivae (lower molars)
42
Q

What nerve passes through the mandibular notch?

- Trunk

A
  • Massenteric n. (Ant. Trunk - V3)
43
Q

What nerves supply the temporalis muscle?

- Trunk

A
  • Deep Temporal n. (Ant. Trunk - V3)
44
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral pterygoid m.?

- Trunk

A
  • N. to Lateral Pterygoid (Ant. Trunk - V3)
45
Q

What nerve comes off as two roots that spit around the middle meningeal a.?
- Trunk

A
  • Ariculotemporal n. (Post. Trunk - V3)
46
Q

Branches of what nerve travel where with auriculotemporal n. (Post. Trunk - V3)?

A
  • POSTganglionic parasympathetic fibers TO PAROTID from glosspharyngeal (IX)
47
Q

What nerve hitchhikes with lingual?

- Fiber type?

A
  • Chorda Tympani (VII)

- GVE and SA

48
Q

***COURSE OF LINGUAL N. INTO THE ORAL CAVITY

A
  1. Lateral to Medial across front of medial pterygoid
  2. BELOW Sup. Pharyngeal Constrictor but ABOVE mylohyoid m.
  3. travels IMMEDIATELY INFERIOR to the last molar tooth
49
Q

***What nerve is at high risk when working on the posterior molars?

A
  • LINGUAL n. it is JUST DEEP to the oral mucosa and is even palpable here
50
Q

***What functions would be lost by cutting the lingual n.?

A
  1. GSA to tongue (2/3)
  2. Oral Mucosa on Floor of Oral cavity
  3. Lingual Gingiva of lower teeth

***Additionally, Salivation could be lost from submandibular and sublingual glands (if distal to chorda tympani)

51
Q

What is supplied by the inferior alveolar n.?

A
  1. Lower Teeth and Gingivae

2. Mucosa and Skin of Lower Lip and Chin

52
Q

What are the two terminal Branches of the inferior alveolar n.?

A

Incisive n.

Mental n.

53
Q

What two CNs have branches that join V3 branches in the infratemporal fossa?

A
  1. Chorda Tympani (CN VII - SA/GVE)

2. Lesser Petrosal (CN IX - GVE)

54
Q

***When trying to anesthetize the lingual n. where would you place the needle?

A
  • Anterior and Lateral to the Palatoglossal arch and medial to the mandible
55
Q

What common place to veins draining the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae go?

A

Pterygoid Plexus

56
Q

Where does the maxillary artery originate?

A
  • from external carotid INSIDE the parotid gland
57
Q

What structures bound the 1st part of the maxillary a.?

A
  1. Neck of Mandible

2. Sphenomandibular Ligament

58
Q

What stucture bounds the 2nd part of the maxillary a.?

A
  • Lateral Pterygoid m.
59
Q

Where is the 3rd part of the maxillary a. located?

A
  • Pterygopalatine Fossa
60
Q

What branch is given off by the inferior alveolar a.?

A
  • Mylohyoid a. that runs with n. to mylohyoid in the mylohyoid groove
61
Q

Between what two structures is the pterygoid plexus located?

A

Between:

  • medial and lateral Pterygoid mm.
  • Lateral Pterygoid and Temporalis mm.
62
Q

What areas drain to the pterygoid Plexus?

A
  1. nasal cavity
  2. Oral Cavity
    - Roof and lateral wall
    - all teeth
    - mm. of infratemporal fossa
    - paranasal sinuses
    - nasopharynx
63
Q

What two major veins drain to the pterygoid plexus anterioly and posteriorly?

A

Anterior:
- Deep Facial v. (=> facial v.)

Posterior:
- Maxillary v. (=> Retromandibular v.)

64
Q

What artery and nerve can often be found between the upper and lower head of the LATERAL pterygoid muscle?

A
  1. Buccal n. (V3)
  2. Maxillary a.
    * ***NOTE: that the maxillary a. is variable
65
Q

T or F: the medial pterygoid muscle arises from two different bones?

A

True, its origins are Lateral Pterygoid Plate (of sphenoid) and Maxilla

66
Q

Which side of the medial pterygoid muscle can the following be found on?

  • lingual a./n.
  • Inferior Alveolar a./n.
A

All nerves are related vessels are found on the LATERAL surface of the muscle nearest the mandible

67
Q

What structures does the lateral ligament of TMJ span?

A

From:
- Articular Tubercle

To:
- Neck of Mandible

68
Q

T or F: the head of the mandible articulates directly with the mandibular fossa.

A

False, the articular disk separates the two structures dividing it into upper and lower portions

69
Q

What vunerable junction is found in the floor of the Temporal fossa?
- Bones involved?

A

Pterion

Formed by:

  1. Temporal Bone (squamous pt)
  2. Parietal
  3. Frontal
  4. Sphenoid (greater wing)
70
Q

How do structures in the infratemporal fossa communicate with those in the temporal fossa?

A
  • They move deep to the zygomatic arch

Deep to:
- Zygomatic and Temporal

Superficial to:
- Greater wing of Sphenoid and Squamous Temporal

71
Q

T or F: the mandibular division of trigeminal is the only part with motor function

A

True

72
Q

What embryonic structure is the temporalis derived from?

A
  • 1st Pharyngeal Arch along with MAST-MATT

***Remember innervation to all of these muscles is BE

73
Q

What two spaces are all of the muscles of mastication located in?

A
  1. Temporal Fossa

2. Infratemporal Fossa

74
Q

Differentiate the function of the anterior fibers of temporalis from the posterior fibers?

A
  • Posterior Fibers = Retraction

- Anterior Fibers = Elevation

75
Q

When is the gliding motion of the of the jaw used?

- which part of TMJ is involved?

A
  • Wide Opening of the mouth when Protrusion is needed

- Superior part of the joint is involved in gliding

76
Q

What are the superior continuations of investing fascia?

  • Medial
  • Anterolateral
  • Posterolateral
A

Medial:
- Pterygoid Fascia

Anterolateral:
- Massenteric fascia

Posterolateral:
- Parotid Fascia

**Note: both lateral fascia layers (massenteric and parotid) are cont. with each other

77
Q

T or F: the pterygoid fascia is continuous with temporalis fascia

A

False, Temporalis fascia is continuous with massenteric fascia inferiorly

78
Q

T or F: Temporalis fascia has both superficial and deep layers and serves as a point of attachment for the muscle

A

True

79
Q

Which part of the maxillary a. contains mostly muscular branches?

A
  • Pterygoid Component, running along lateral Pterygoid
80
Q

Which part(s) of the maxillary a. is/are in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • Third Part only
81
Q

What do the 1st and 2nd branches off of maxillary supply?

A
  1. Deep Auricular - TMJ, EAM, Ext. Tymp. membrane

2. Tympanic - Int. Tymp. membrane

82
Q

You pull a molar and it starts bleeding, what arteries are supplying the blood?

A

Inferior Alveolar => Maxillary a.

83
Q

What arteries run deep to the temporalis muscle?

A
  • Deep Temporal aa.
84
Q

You bite your cheek and it bleeds, what artery is supplying the blood?

A

Buccal a. => maxillary

85
Q

T or F: the Buccal a. runs with the buccal branch of VII

A

FALSE, it runs with Buccal n. (V3)

86
Q

What is supplied by the Buccal a.?

A
  • Buccal Fat Pad
  • Buccinator
  • Buccal oral mucosa
87
Q

What relationship exists between the middle meningeal a. and the ariculotemporal n.?

A
  • Auriculotemporal forms a loop around middle meningeal
88
Q

What is the venous equivalent of the maxillary artery?

A

Pterygoid Plexus - branches that accompany branches of the maxillary artery drain here

89
Q

What links the facial vein to the pterygoid plexus?

A
  • Deep Facial Vein
90
Q

What nerve has GSA fibers to part of the parotid capsule and side of the head?

A

Auriculotemporal n.

91
Q

Describe the course of the Auriculotemporal n.

A
  1. 2 roots encircle middle meningeal a. and cont. in posterior direction
  2. Runs along the upper part of the parotid
  3. Turns up to run with superficial temporal a.
92
Q

Describe the innervation of teeth in the mandible.

A

Molars and Premolars:
- Inferior Dental Plexus => inf. alveolar n.

Canine and Incisor Teeth:
- Incisive branches => inf. alveolar n.

93
Q

What provides SA innervation to the tongue and soft palate?

A

CN VII:
Tongue (anterior 2/3)
- Chorda Tympani

Soft Palate
- Greater Petrosal

94
Q

Where are the cell bodies for taste fibers of cranial n. VII?

A

Geniculate Ganglion

95
Q

What brings sympathetic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Facial a.

Lingual a.

96
Q

Where does the branchiomotor component of CN VII exit the skull?

A

Stylomastiod Foramen

97
Q

T or F: pain from TMJ can be referred

A

True

Anatomy Week 16 (12 decks)

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