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Anatomy Week 16 > Pterygopalatine Fossa > Flashcards

Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What Spaces does the pterygopalatine Fossa communicate with?

A
  • Middle Cranial Fossa
  • Infratemporal Fossa
  • Floor of the orbit
  • Lateral Wall of the Nasal Cavity
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2
Q

What is the major site of the distribution for the maxillary n. (V2) and the maxillary a.?

A
  • Pterygopalatine Fossa
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3
Q

Where does all of the blood and nerve supply to the upper teeth come from?

A
  • Maxillary n. (V2)

- Maxillary a. (terminal pt)

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4
Q

Boundaries of Pterygopalatine Fossa:

  • Anterior
  • Medial
  • Posterior
  • Roof
A

Anterior:
- Posterior Surface of Maxilla

Medial:
- Vertical Plate of Palatine Bone

Posterior:
- Sphenoid - Pterygoid Processes

Roof:
- Sphenoid - Greater Wing

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5
Q

What two spaces are connected by foramen rotundum?

A
  • Middle Cranial Fossa

- Pterygopalatine Fossa

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6
Q

Where is the anterior opening to the pterygoid canal?

A
  • Medial and inferior to foramen rotundum
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7
Q

Anterior and posterior openings of the pterygoid canal?

A

Anterior:
- Pterygopalatine Fossa

Posterior:
- Middle Cranial Fossa ( just anterior and inferior to where carotid enters

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8
Q

What 7 formamina and fissures open into the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  1. Foramen Rotundum
  2. Pterygoid Canal
  3. Palatovaginal Canal
  4. Palatine Canal
  5. Sphenopalatine Foramen
  6. Ptergomaxillar Fissure
  7. Inferior Orbital Fissure
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9
Q

Where does the Palatovaginal canal lead to from the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Nasopharynx

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10
Q

Where does the Palatine canal lead to from the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Opens inferiorly and spits into greater and lesser palatine foramina

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11
Q

Where does the sphenopalatine foramen lead to from the pterygopalatine fossa

A
  • Lateral Nasal Wall
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12
Q

Where does the pterygomaxillary fissure lead to from the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Infratemporal Fossa

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13
Q

Where does the Infraorbital Fissure lead to from the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Floor of the Orbit

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14
Q

What fiber types leave the pterygopalatine ganglion?

- innervation type?

A
  1. Nasal
  2. Palatine
  3. Pharyngeal

**Maybe orbital, but it was not mentioned in lect

(GVE - symp. and parasymp; GSA)

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15
Q

What do the orbital branches do?

A

GSA to:

  • Orbital wall
  • Sphenoid sinus
  • ethmoid sinus
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16
Q

What hole must the orbital branches pass through to get to the palatine region?

A
  • Infraorbital Foramen
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17
Q

What holes must the greater and lesser palatine nn. pass through to get to the hard and soft palates?

A

Palatine Foramen => Greater and lesser palatine foramena

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18
Q

Which of the nasal nn. from the pterygopalatine ganglion travels across the roof of the nasal cavity to supply the medial wall?

A
  • Nasopalatine nerve.
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19
Q

What hole does the pharyngeal n. use to exit the pterygopalatine fossa?
- What does it do?

A
  • Palatovaginal Canal

- Supplies mucosa and glands of the nasopharynx

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20
Q

What are the branches of the zygomatic n.?

A
  • Zygomaticotemporal n.

- Zygomaticofacial n.

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21
Q

How does the posterior superior alveolar n. exit the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • Alveolar Formina in the Posterior Maxilla
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22
Q

What nerve gives rise to the middle and anterior superior alveolar nn.?
- Posterior Superior Alveolar n.

A

Anterior and Middle:
- Infraorbital n.

Posterior:
- Direct branch of V2

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23
Q

What plexuses do the alveolar nn. (Posterior, Middle, Anterior) ultimately become a part of?

A
  • Superior Dental Plexus
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24
Q

What nerves unit to form the nerve of the pterygoid Canal?

A
  • Greater Petrosal n. (CN VII)

- Deep Petrosal n. (=> Int. carotid plexus)

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25
Q

What fiber types are contained in the in the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

A

GVE:
Parasympathetic PREganglionic - Greater Petrosal n.

Sympathetic POSTganlionic - Deep Petrosal n.

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26
Q

What ganglion is the greater petrosal n. associated with?

A
  • Geniculate Ganglion

**Sensory Ganglion for the Facial n.

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27
Q

What bones make up the Pterygomaxillary Fissure?

  • anterior
  • posterior
A

Anterior:
- Posterior Part of Maxilla

Posterior:
- Pterygoid Process of Sphenoid

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28
Q

What is the doorway of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery to enter from the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • Pterygomaxillary Fissure
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29
Q

What innervates most of the nasopharynx?

A
  • Pharyngeal Branch of Maxillary n. (V2)
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30
Q

What is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery?

A

Sphenopalatine a.

31
Q

How doe POSTganglionic sympathetic form CNVII reach their target?

A
  • Travel with MAXILLARY (V2) or OPTHALMIC (V1) branches of trigeminal to reach their target
32
Q

Where does the greater petrosal n. pick up its sympathetic component?

A
  • As it passes the internal carotid and is joined by the deep petrosal n. (sympathetic)
33
Q

The Greater Petrosal n. carries parasympathetic information to what organs?

A

***ALL glands above the oral fissure

  • All mucous gland in the nasal Cavity
  • Salivary Glands in the upper 1/2 of the oral cavity
  • Lacrimal gland in the orbit
34
Q

Where are the postganglionic cell bodies that give rise to the deep petrosal n. located?

A
  • Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion (mostly T1 preganglionics synapsing)
35
Q

Where do parasympathetic nerves jump off of branches of V2 to ride branches of V1?

  • What branches are involved
  • Associated Ganglia
A
  • Parasympathetics ride on ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL (V2) and hop on the LACRIMAL n. (V1)
  • Fibers from Pterygopalatine Ganglia
36
Q

What do the sympathetic and parasympathetic POST ganglionics that jump onto the the lacrimal n. do?
- Common pathology

A
  • Control tear flow from lacrimal gland

- If a lesion occurs on parasympathetics of VII then patient will have chronic Dry eye

37
Q

What is the origin of the anterior superior alveolar arteries?

A

Infraorbital a. => Maxillary a. => ECA = CCA

38
Q

What frequently forms an elevation in the FLOOR of the sphenoid air sinus?

A
  • Pterygoid Canal
39
Q

What does the infraorbital n. run in on the floor of the orbit?

A
  • Infraorbital groove
40
Q

What does the infraorbital n. supply cutaneous innervation to?

A
  1. Lower Eyelid
  2. Lateral Nose
  3. Upper Lip
  4. Gingiva
41
Q

What muscle of facial expression is the infraorbital n. deep to?

A
  • Levator Labii superioris m.
42
Q

What nn. come together to form the superior dental plexus?

A
  • Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Superior Alveolar nn.
43
Q

What branch of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery and Maxillary n. (V2) reenters the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • Posterior Superior Alveolar a. and n.
44
Q

What passes through the Pterygomaxillary fissure?

A
  1. maxillary a.
  2. Posterior Superior Alveolar Branch (=> maxillary a.)
  3. Posterior Superior Alveolar n. (V2)
45
Q

What spaces does the pterygopalatine fossa open into via its foramina and fissures?

A
  1. Middle Cranial Fossa (rotundum, Pterygoid Canal)
  2. Nasopharynx (pharyngeal canal)
  3. Nasal Cavity (sphenopalatine foramen)
  4. Orbit (orbital fissure)
  5. Oral Cavity (palatine canal)
  6. Infratemporal Fossa (Pterygomaxillary fissure)
46
Q

What two bones make up the pterygoid canal?

A
  1. Sphenoid

2. Palatine Bone

47
Q

What 6 branches come off of the 3rd part of the maxillary a.?

A
  1. Phayngeal
  2. A. of Pterygoid Canal
  3. Sphenopalatine a.
  4. Infraorbital a.
  5. Descending Palatine a.
  6. Posterior Superior Alveolar a.
48
Q

What does the artery of the pterygoid canal distribute to?

A
  • Upper Pharynx

- Auditory Tube

49
Q

What does the Pharyngeal a. distribute to?

A
  • Sphenoid Sinus
  • Nasopharyx
  • Auditory Tube
50
Q

What do the middle and anterior superior alveolar arteries branch off from?
- Where do they supply blood?

A

Branches from Infraorbital artery

Supply:

  • Maxillary Sinus
  • Incisor Teeth
  • Canine Teeth
51
Q

What two arteries anastomose in the incisive canal?

A

Greater Palatine

Sphenopalatine

52
Q

What is the anterior continuation of the maxillary artery?

A
  • Infraorbital artery
53
Q

T or F: the Maxillary n. has a functional relationship with the Pterygopalatine Ganglion.

A

False, the relationship is purely anatomical

54
Q

Describe areas supplied by orbital branches of V2.

A

Supply:
Oribital Wall
Sphenoid Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus

55
Q

Describe the passage of the infraorbital n. from the Pterygopalatine Fossa to the Face.

A

Infraorbital fissure —>
Infraorbital groove —>
Infraorbital Canal —->
Infraorbtial Foramen

56
Q

What two nerves contribute to the innervation of the maxillary sinus?

A
  1. Orbital Branches

2. Posterior Superior Alveolar n.

57
Q

What are the branches of V2 that pass through the Pterygopalatine Ganglia?

A
  1. Palatine n.
  2. Lateral nasal branches
  3. Nasopalatine n.
  4. Pharngeal n.
58
Q

What nerve gives rise to the anterior and middle alveolar nerves?
- where

A

Infraorbital n. INSIDE the infraorbital CANAL

59
Q

What passes through the spenopalatine foramen?

A
  1. Posterior Lateral Nasal Branches of V2
  2. Nasopalatine (V2)
  3. Sphenopalatine a.
60
Q

What branch of CN VII has postganglionic that hitchhike on branches of V2?
- ganglia

A

Greater Petrosal n.

Note: that it also hitchhikes on the lacrimal n. which is a branch of V1

61
Q

What branch of CN VII is associated with postganglionic that hitchhike on branches of V3?
- ganglia

A

Chorda Tympani

62
Q

Besides carrying preganglionic GVE fibers, what fiber type is carried by the Greater Petrosal N.?

A

Taste information from the soft palate

63
Q

T or F: branches of maxillary V2 synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglia

A

FALSE, these just pass through

64
Q

What fiber types are found in the n. of the pterygoid canal?

A

Taste
Sympathetic (post gang.)
Parasympathetic (pre gang.)
Special Sensory

65
Q

T or F: the soft palate is really responsive to sweet taste

A

True, cell bodies for this are found in the geniculate ganglion

66
Q

How do SA fibers get to taste buds on the soft palate?

A
  1. Greater Petrosal n.
  2. Though PP ganglion (NO SYNAPSE)
  3. Leave with Lesser Palatine nn.
67
Q

What are the Jobs of CN VII?

A
  1. BE motor (facial expression)
  2. GVE:
    - Lacrimal (Greater Pet.)
    - Submandibular (Chorda Tymp)
    - Sublingual (Chorday Tymp)
68
Q

T or F: In general, parts 1 and 3 of the maxillary a. have branches that travel through bony canals.

A

True, part two goes to muscle and just travels through soft tissues

69
Q

What groove the floor of the sphenoid sinus and also travels through the medial pterygoid plate?

A

N. and A. of the pterygoid canal

70
Q

If you punctured the infraorbital groove and canal inferiorly, what space would you be in?

A

Maxillary Sinus

71
Q

If you punctured the medial wall of the Pterygopalatine fossa where would you be?

A

Nasal Cavity

72
Q

If you punctured the anterior wall of the PPF where would you be?

A

Maxillary Sinus

73
Q

The infraorbital groove can be found on what bone?

A

Maxilla

Anatomy Week 16 (12 decks)

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