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Greek Art and Archaeology c500-300 > Temples and Sanctuaries > Flashcards

Temples and Sanctuaries Flashcards

1
Q

adyton

A

sectioned off back room used for storage

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2
Q

amphiprostyle

A

front and back have columns

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3
Q

prostyle

A

(‘front-column’ ie columns along front)
columns along the facade

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4
Q

peripteral

A

a temple with a single perimeter row of columns

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5
Q

architrave/epistyle

A

section of wall resting across the tops of columns

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6
Q

pronaos

A

front porch/portico

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7
Q

naos/cella

A

main room of a temple with the cult image

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8
Q

colonnade

A

series of regular columns usually supporting the base of a roof structure

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9
Q

distyle in antis

A

two columns in line with the ends of open porch walls

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10
Q

ionic frieze

A

continuous frieze, blank or a continuous image

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11
Q

doric frieze

A

frieze made up of a metope-triglyph combination

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12
Q

entablature

A

ornate roof section consisting of architrave, frieze, and cornice

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13
Q

entasis

A

swelling of columns in the middle then tapering at the top

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14
Q

fascia

A

plain, wide band (or bands) that make up the architrave section of the entablature

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15
Q

half column

A

engaged column with half of it showing

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16
Q

hexastyle

A

temple with six columns running along the front

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17
Q

tetrastyle

A

temple with four columns running along the front

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18
Q

metope

A

blank or decorated squares on a frieze

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19
Q

triglyph

A

vertical ridges and bumps on a frieze

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20
Q

opisthodomos

A

back portico/porch

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21
Q

portico

A

exterior/perimeter porch

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22
Q

pylon / propylaion

A

monumental gate to sacred area

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23
Q

stucco

A

plaster

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24
Q

stylobate

A

continual base with columns on top

25
Q

dipteral

A

double peristyle

26
Q

intercolumnation

A

distance between columns of peristyle

27
Q

monopteros

A

circular colonnade holding a roof (no walls)

28
Q

sekos

A

interior structure of a temple (cella, pronaos, and opisthodomos)

29
Q

sima

A

raised gutter at edge of roof

30
Q

T of Apollo, Eretria

A

late 6th cent start of construction of AR phase, then razed by Persians in 490 poss at an unfinished stage
doric, 6x14 peristyle
pronaos and opisthodomos, distyle in antis
combo of local stone and marble
pediment sculpture - v archaic configuration

31
Q

Athenian Treasury, Delphi

A

c490;
Parian Marble;
small scale doric prostyle temple;
exterior doric frieze - N and W metopes showed labours of Herc whilst S and E showed life of Theseus;
pediments - East showed female deity between two chariots and West a battle scene;
inscriptions were written all over it

32
Q

tholos

A

round building

33
Q

What was stored in Ath treasury at Delphi? How were they displayed?

A

spoils of war
taken out on festival days to be viewed

34
Q

What is the Ath treasury at Delphi representative of? (2)

A

Value of self promotion at a Panhellenic sanctuary
Best preserved of treasury so exemplar of that

35
Q

T of Zeus, Olympia

A

build. started 470-57;
highly regular measurements;
Doric order (6x13 columnation, capitals) v canonical in this sense;
local limestone but w stucco;
décor: shields in metopes on outer Doric frieze, east pediment showing moments in Pelops and Oenomaus (two central figs either side of Zeus in middle) chariot race, west pediment shows centaur v lapiths battle with Apollo in middle;
Colossal chryselephantine statue of Zeus by Pheidias c460;
Main ancient signif: Olympic Games.

36
Q

Where was the Sanct of Olympia?

A

Elis, North West Peloponnese

37
Q

horos

A

boundary stone

38
Q

Why does Delphi appear to have been signif?

A

Frequency of references to its oracle being used

39
Q

Where was Delphi? Significance?

A

Mt. Parnassus, rural Attica
No direct affiliation with any one polis.

40
Q

1st Temple of Apollo, Delphi

A

Built 510;
located at highest point of slope that T was on;
Parian marble, in part funded by Alcmaeonidae;
destroyed in earthquake 373.

41
Q

2nd Temple of Apollo, Delphi

A

Built 330 (recon of previous T);
Archaic dimensions and same positioning as predecessor;
6x15 doric columnation;
outer metopes had shields;
W pediment Dionysus and Maenads, E pediment Apollo and the Muses;
pronaos, opisth, and naos;
naos: ionic half columns and central corinthian column at end, Delphic maxims written on walls;
golden throne for priestess of oracle in adyton, inacc to worshippers.

42
Q

What did priestess of Delphi do in order to access oracle?

A

sit on golden throne/tripod and chew laurel leaf

43
Q

Where in Delphi were the treasuries and dedicated monuments located?

A

Along Sacred way

44
Q

Tholos, Epidauros

A

after 370 BCE;
26 DORIC columns in pteron and 13 Corinthian columns in cella;
doric frieze around exterior

45
Q

Temple of Apollo, Bassai (Messenia)

A

Built c.370 BCE;
for Apollo Epikourios (‘Apollo the helper’);
elongated 6x15 plan and unusual N-S orientation - likely to do with plan of prev T and topography;
extensive elaboration, precedent at time but followed later;
Good example of how Doric order developed to incorporate Ionic and Corinthian features: Doric hexastyle peristyle, in cella engaged ionic colonnade and high relief ionic frieze of centauromachy and Amazonomachy, and central Corinthian column marking adyton at back (earliest known instance of Corinthian capital).

46
Q

Temple of Athena, Priene

A

built 330s;
6x11 column ration, ionic peristyle;
deep pronaos and inclusion of opisth;
narrow pteros;
Asiatic column bases paired with ionic-Asiatic entablature;
Dedicated by AtG in 334

47
Q

Temple of Zeus, Nemea (pelo)

A

Built 330;
Part of larger system of structural developments in the sanctuary;
Doric: doric peristyle, 6:12 column ratio WITH later Doric order combo - Corinthian columns in naos colonnade and ionic on second floor colonnade;
main break from tradition was the lack of opisthodomos and so plan was no longer symmetrical.

48
Q

‘Philippeion’, Olympia

A

after 338 BCE;
THOLOS;
18 Ionic columns in pteron and 9 Corinthian halves around naos;
contained dedicatory statues to Philip II and family in chryselephantine style.

49
Q

Temple of Athena Alea, Tegea

A

Built c340;
6x14 - large for a Doric T;
Corinthian half columns in naos, ionic halves on second storey;
absence of opisth. still there

50
Q

from archaic to Hell period, what was a key theme in the changes to temples ?

A

interior design

51
Q

What are the diff factors behind orientation of a T? (6)

A

landscape
visibility of T for onlookers
aligned w sun on festival day
use of old foundations
facing constellations
sunlight

52
Q

What are possible uses of the peristyle area? (3)

A

hymn performances
recitals
hanging dedications

53
Q

What were the trends in interior column arrangement across archaic p to hell?

A

arch: two rows of doric columns
class:
ionic columns for a doric temple
engaged columns
4th cent: inclusion of corinthian column

54
Q

other than their relig function, what other important role did G temples play?

A

served as banks / treasuries

55
Q

what was partic unique about Doric order when it emerged?

A

introd the most architectural regulation ever seen

56
Q

What were the 2 main architectural developments of the 4th cent BCE?

A

corinthian capital
monumentalisation and perfecting the Tholos as relig and tomb building

57
Q

What was the doric formula for column ratio?

A

x : 2x +1

58
Q

why was an ionic column suited to the interior of a temple?

A

slender

Greek Art and Archaeology c500-300 (8 decks)

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