Template 5

Question 1

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Answer 1

Characterized by narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels causing a reduction in circulation usually secondary to atherosclerosis.
Risk factors include phlebitis, injury or surgery, autoimmune disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, inactivity, hypertension, positive family history, increased age, and obesity.
Patient education is paramount regarding the disease process, limb protection, foot and skincare, and risk factor reduction (smoking cessation, avoid cold exposure).

Question 2

Plantar Fascitis

Answer 2

Chronic overuse condition that develops secondary to repetitive stretching of the plantar fascia through excessive foot pronation during the loading phase of Gait.
Characterized by severe pain in the heel when first standing up in the morning ( when the fascia is contracted, stiff, and cold).
Intervention consists of ice massage, deep friction massage, heel insert, orthotic prescription, activity modification, and gentle stretching program of the Achilles’ tendon and plantar fascia.

Question 3

Pressure Ulcer

Answer 3

Unrelieved pressure deprives the tissues of oxygen which causes ischemia,subsequent cell death, and tissue necrosis.
High risk areas for pressure ulcers include the occiput, heels, greater trochanters, ischial tuberosities, sacrum, and epicondyles of the elbow.
Impaired cognition, poor nutrition, altered sensation, incontinence, decreased lean body mass, and infection contribute to the development of a pressure ulcer.

Question 4

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Answer 4

Increase in sympathetic activity causes a release of norepinephrine in the periphery and subsequent vasoconstriction of blood vessels resulting in pain and an increase in sensitivity to peripheral stimulation.
Affect all age groups, but is most likely found in individuals 35-60 years of age with females being three times more likely to be affected than males.
Patients experience intense burning and chronic pain in the affected extremity that eventually spreads in a proximal direction.

Question 5

Restrictive Lung Disease

Answer 5

Classification of disorders caused by a pulmonary or extrapulmonary restriction that produces impairment in lung expansion and an abnormal reduction in pulmonary ventilation.
Pulmonary restriction of the lungs can be caused by tumor, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, scarring within the lungs, pleural effusion, chest wall stiffness, structural abnormality, and respiratory muscle weakness.
Pathogenesis includes a decrease in lung and chest wall compliance, decrease in lung volumes, and an increase in the work of breathing.

Question 6

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 6

Systemic autoimmune disorder of the connective tissue that is characterized by chronic inflammation within synovial membranes, tendon sheaths, and articular cartilage.
Incidence is three times greater in females than males and is diagnosed most frequently between 30-50 years of age.
Blood work assists with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis through evaluation of the rheumatoid factor, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values.

Question 7

Rotator Cuff Tendonitis

Answer 7

Caused by an inability of a weak supraspinatus muscle to adequately depress the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa during elevation of the arm.
Participating in activities that require excessive overhead activity such as swimming, tennis, baseball, painting, and other manual labor activities increase the risk of rotator cuff Tendonitis.
Patient may experience a feeling of weakness and identify the presence of a painful arc of motion most commonly occurring between 60 and 120 degrees of active abduction.