Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat

Question 1

What is Temperature?

Answer 1

the measure of the kinetic energy in a substance molecules (The more it moves (faster) the hotter it gets). Heat causes molecular movement, movement causes heat and they are the same. Simply, temperature is atomic motion.

Question 2

Temperature is simply…

Answer 2

atomic motion

Question 3

The hotter a substance is…

Answer 3

the faster its atoms move

Question 4

What is Thermal energy?

Answer 4

Unlike temperature, the amount of thermal energy depends on the quantity of a substance.

A bathtub at 90 degrees has more thermal energy than a cup of coffee at 120 degrees. **takes more energy, more energy stored.

Pacific Ocean wins

Question 5

What are three ways heat is able to transfer?

Answer 5

Through..

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation

Question 6

What is Conduction?

Answer 6

It occurs when heat is transferred due to fast moving atoms and molecules colliding with slower ones in a neighboring region
ex: bowl of soup and spoon. You can feel the warmth at the end of the spoon, even though it never touched it. Bumping atoms up the handle. Or people in a concert bumping someone, who bumps into someone else, etc. Domino effect.

Question 7

What is convection

Answer 7

it occurs when cooler portions of a liquid or gas flow in to take the place of hotter, rising portions (circular action)
ex: pot of boiling water, water rises up, cool water moves to take it’s place. That’s why you see churning water when its boiling. Works with gas too.

Question 8

What is Radiation?

Answer 8

it occurs when heat is transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves. Ex: the sun radiating heat and electromagnetic energy, power plant, nuclear weapon detonates, radiation occurring.

Question 9

What is a summer of Heat transfer?

Answer 9

Conduction - something that occurs with solids, heat is being transferred.
Convection- occurs with liquid gasses, hot moving, cold taking its place, cyclonic.
Radiation- high intense reaction, nuclear reaction.

Question 10

What are sources of light?

Answer 10

Sun, light bulbs, and excited atoms
(happens in florescent lights or neon lights. Excited atoms are less energy than having to push energy through friction like other lightbulbs.)
When external radiation bombards certain types of elements, the excited atoms fluoresce, giving off electromagnetic energy, often in the form of light.

Question 11

What are waves?

Answer 11

they are a progressive disturbance propagated from point to point (with regularity between points).

Question 12

What are good terms used to describe waves?

Answer 12

wavelength, amplitude, and frequency

Question 13

What is the “crest” of a wave?

Answer 13

the top of the wave.

Question 14

What is the “Trough” of a wave?

Answer 14

bottom of the wave.

Question 15

What is the amplitude of a wave?

Answer 15

The distance between the Crest (top) and Trough (bottom)

Question 16

What is the wavelength of a wave?

Answer 16

the distance between one crest (top) and the next successive crest.

Question 17

What is the frequency of a wave?

Answer 17

How often a Crest pass a given point per second.

Question 18

What are two things that could cause a wave to have a higher frequency?

Answer 18

1. Speed (the faster the wave the higher the frequency)

2. Shorter wavelength (= higher frequency)

Question 19

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Answer 19

the electromagnetic radiation scale, from gamma rays (short and harmful) to radio waves (long waves and harmless) Long is red. it is the order of the rainbow. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet.. violet can burn your eyes and skin.

Question 20

What is Infrared? What happens as wavelengths get shorter?

Answer 20

gives off heat. slightly shorter wavelength on the spectrum. As you get shorter, its more visual, you can actually detect it with your eyes.

Question 21

Why are long wavelengths harmless?

Answer 21

like radio, they can pass right through things. Short wavelengths are more likely to collid and damage molecules (like your body). Why short wavelengths are damaging.

Question 22

How does the atmosphere affect electromagnetic wavelengths?

Answer 22

Our atmosphere actually protect us from many x-rays, they collide with molecules in the atmosphere (instead of us) but in outer space that is why we must wear spacesuits.