Temperature regulation

Question 1

What is the noral body temperature range

Answer 1

36-37.5 degrees C

Question 2

WHat does most of the body heat come from

Answer 2

Basal rate of metabolism

Question 3

Which part of the brain controls temperature regulation

Answer 3

THe hypothalamus

Question 4

Where are the two different types of thermoreceptors found?

Answer 4

Hot and cold receptors peripherally found in skin

Deep body receptors found in brain, spinal cord, abdominal viscera, in/aroundgreat veins, upper abdomen anf thorax. Detects deep body temp

Question 5

how does the body respond when it is too cold?

Answer 5

Skin vasoconstriction,
Piloerection
Increase in thermogenesis-
Shivering, chemical excitation of heat production, thyroxine increased heat production

Question 6

How does chemical heat production work

Answer 6

Increased sympathetic stimulation or circulatinf noradrenaline/adrenaline n blood can increase rate of cellular metabolism.
Mitochondria produce heat but no atp

production of thyrotropin releasing hormone leading to thyroid stimulating hormone production producing thyroxine from thyroid

Question 7

Describe thyroxine-stimulated heat production

Answer 7

production of thyrotropin releasing hormone leading to thyroid stimulating hormone production producing thyroxine from thyroid
This increases the rate of cellulat metabolism throughout the body

Question 8

How does the body respond when it is too hot

Answer 8

Vasodilation of skin blood vessels,
Sweating
Decrease in heat production
Chemical thermogenesis and shivering strongly inhibited

Question 9

What is exercise hyperthermia?

Answer 9

When heat prduction increases above dissipation, increasing temp. SKin blood flow and sweating increases so heat dissipation equals production rate, core temp remains elevated

Question 10

How does fever result in increased temperature

Answer 10

Stimuli such as viruses or gram negative bacillu stimulate macrophages and tlymphocytes. Cytokines enter circulation which cross blood-brain barrier.

These cause the brain to release PGE2 causing hypothalamus to increase set baseline temperature

Question 11

What are the cytokines that cause fever called

Answer 11

pyrogens

Question 12

Why does the body cause fever (how does it benefit)

Answer 12

Raises metabolic rate, increasinf rate of immune response

Compromises growth of microorganisms

Question 13

What is heat stroke

Answer 13

Excessive cutaneous vasodilation can lead to a fall in arterial pressue leading to brain perfusion. At 41degrees C can cause confusion/loss of consciousness. ABove this, can cause lots of bad things