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Immunisation and viral disease > Common viral illnesses > Flashcards

Common viral illnesses Flashcards

1
Q

Name some risk factors for complicated influenza

A

Neurological, hepatic, renal,pulmonary and chronic cardiac disease

Diabetes mellitus

> 65s

Pregnancy

<6 months

Morbid obese

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2
Q

WHich common virus has serotypes that can cause malignancies

A

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

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3
Q

Which serotypes of HPV can cause cervical cancer

A

16 and 18

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4
Q

What is the HPV vaccine called and what serotypes does it protect against

A

Gardasil

6,11,16 and 18

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5
Q

What serotypes of HPV cause genital warts

A

6 and 11

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6
Q

What is the correct name for chickenpox/shingles

A

Varicella zoster virus

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7
Q

What family do these viruses belong to?

Herpes simplex type 1/2
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella zoster
Epstein-barr virus
Human herpes virus type 6, 6A, 7 and 8
A

Human herpes viruses (HHV)

Kept for life, ususally dormant

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8
Q

What does cytomegalovirus present with?

A

Similar to EBV, but less pharyngitis/tonsilitis

congenital infection

Serious in immunocompromised

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9
Q

What causes infectious mononucleosis

A

EBV

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10
Q

What diseases can EBV cause

A

Infectious mononucleosis

Burkitt lymphoma

Lymphoproliferative disease

Nasopharangeal carcinoma

Central nervous system lymphoma

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11
Q

WHat virus is mild in children but serious in pregnant women, and can cause arthritis in adults?

A

Parovirus B19

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12
Q

What virus is caused by a pox virus, giving multiple lesions mainly in children, and clears spontaneously without treatment

A

Molluscum contageosum

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13
Q

How does measles present

A

Prodromal phase:
Fever, malaise, coryza, conjunctivitis, cough

Followed by rash (erythematous, macropapular) starts at head, to trunk and limbs over 3 days

Koplik spots (red w blue-white centres) may appear on mucous membranes of mouth 1-2 days before rash appears

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14
Q

What is the incubation period of measles

A

About 10 days

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15
Q

WHen are measles patients infectious

A

From first symptom to 4 days after rash appears

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16
Q

What is a major consequence of measles, and what are the three types?

A

Encephalitis
(post infectious),
(measles inclusion body encephalitis in the immunicompromised)
Subacute sclerosin pan encephalitis is a rare fatal late complication

17
Q

Which forms of influenza are most common

A

Influenza B or A

18
Q

What is the incubation period of influenza

A

1-3 days

19
Q

How is influenza treated

A 
Neuraminidase inhibitors (osteltamivir, zanamivir),
Vaccines, live attenuated or inactivated, Adjuvant for over 65s
20
Q

What type of viruses are HIV-1 and HIV-2

A

enveloped, RNA viruses

21
Q

describe the HIV life cycle

A

HIV binds to host cell, reeases HIV RNA into cell, reverse transcriptase converts it into DNA which is integrated into the host nucleus. HIV genomic material copied. New virus buds form the host cell taking with it part of the outer envelope. Immature virus breaks free.

22
Q

How can HIV be transmitted

A

If blood, semen, vaginal secretions or breast milk come into contact with mucous membranes, damaged tissue, or injected.

Vaginal, anal or oral sex comes into contact with needles. Contaminated IV drug use

23
Q

How can HIV present

A

Fever, pharyngitis, headache, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia

24
Q

What labaratory test is used to measure immune function and so disease progression

A

CD4 count

25
Q

How is HIV treated

A

Uncurable, but antiretrovirals can control virus and prevent onward transmission

26
Q

How long does it take for HIV to develop into AIDS

A

8-10 years

27
Q

What is the major cause of lRTIs in young children and adults?

What are the predisposing factors

A

Respiratory synactical virus

Prematurity, low birth rsate, congenital cardiopulmonary dosease, and immunodeficiency

28
Q

How long are viral symptoms usually expected to last

A

10 days

29
Q

What is a Point of care test (POCT)

A

Test for key resp. illnesses, by bedside, tests for influenza a and B, RSV. PCR, test is 20mins

30
Q

What can help detect viruses

A 
Detection of antigens
Detection of nucleic acids (PCR)
Electron microscopy
Virus culture
Histopathology staining
Serology testing (virus specific antibodies
31
Q

What are enzyme immunoassays

A

Applied to find antibodies against viruses, or viral antigens

Antibody specific for the viral antigen is bound to surface of plastic wells

When sample added, viral antigen binfs to capture antigen.

When seconf antibody added, colour change

32
Q

Wjat does BBV stand for

A

Blood borne virus

Immunisation and viral disease (3 decks)

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