Temperature and Stress responses

Question 1

‘stress’ definition

Answer 1

any internal/external challenge that threatens homeostasis of cells or organisms

Question 2

5 environmental stressors

Answer 2

Temperature
Pollution
Hypoxia
UV
pH

Question 3

stress response

Answer 3

a series of cellular and physiological mechanisms aimed at maintaining homeostasis

Question 4

when is the cellular stress response (CSR) triggered?

Answer 4

triggered during severe stress (acute), which cause a proportional increase in macromolecular damage that disturbs cellular homeostasis

Question 5

what is the CSR’s aim?

Answer 5

aiming at resorting structural and functional homeostasis in stressed cells and tissues

Question 6

4 cornerstones of CSR response-

Answer 6

1- repair and prevention of macromolecular damage

2- activation of cell cycle checkpoints

3- mobilisation and reallocation of metabolic energy

4- decisions on undergoing programmed cell death

Question 7

quantifying stress

Answer 7

commonly assessed by quantifying the CSR rather than directly measuring the underlying cause (macromolecular damage)

Question 8

Heat shock proteins

Answer 8

molecular chaperones, which assist in folding proteins and thus maintaining their function.

Question 9

how are HSP’s classified?

Answer 9

classified according to their molecular weight

Question 10

are HSP’s the perfect biomarker for environmental stress

Answer 10

HSPs are induced by almost any stress (e.g. thermal, chemical, osmotic etc.), changes in hsp expression cannot generally be attributed with confidence to a single environmental stressor