temperature and ideal gas

Question 1

boyle’s law

Answer 1

pressure and volume
constant temp

pressure is inversely proportional to volume

Question 2

charles’s law

Answer 2

volume and temp
constant pressure

volume is directly proportional to temp

Question 3

gay-lussac’s law

Answer 3

pressure and temp
constant volume

pressure is directly proportional to temp

Question 4

what happens at absolute zero?

Answer 4

substance has minimum internal energy, kinetic energy = 0 and it is impossible to remove any energy from the substance

Question 5

what is an ideal gas?

Answer 5

it is a gas that obeys the equation of state of an ideal gas
pV = nRT

where p = pressure, V = volume, n = no. of moles, R = molar gas constant, T = thermodynamic temperature

Question 6

what are the assumptions of an ideal gas

Answer 6

1. an ideal gas is composed of point particles (negligible volume within the container)
2. there are no interactions between the gas particles
   (no potential energy)

Question 7

1. when will a real gas approach ideal behaviour?
2. when will a real gas deviate from ideal behaviour?

Answer 7

1. higher temperatures, lower pressures
2. lower temperatures, higher pressures

Question 8

pV = …?

Answer 8

pV = nRT
= NkT (N is the no. of molecules, k is Boltzmann constant, 1.38x10²³)

= Nm<c_x²>
= 1/3Nm<c²>

Question 9

what assumptions can be made about pressure with molecular collisions?

Answer 9

• molecules are constantly moving in random directions
• there are no forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules except during collisions
• the volume of the molecules is negligible compared with the volume of the containing vessel
• all collisions of molecules with each other and with the container walls are perfectly elastic
• duration of each collision is very short compared to the time between collisions for each molecule
• in between molecules, each molecule moves in a straight line at constant velocity (N1L)

Question 10

<E_k> =…

Answer 10

<E_k> = 3/2kT