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Physical Diagnosis > Temperature and Fevers > Flashcards

Temperature and Fevers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal adult temperature?

A

98.6 degrees F

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2
Q

Temperature is the byproduct of what?

A

normal metabolism

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3
Q

About _____ the energy released from ________ is transformed into heat energy?

A

half

catabolism of food

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4
Q

What is the normal body temperature RANGE?

A

96-99.6 degrees

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5
Q

When is body temperature normally lowest?

A

during sleep

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6
Q

When is body temperature highest?

A

most activity

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7
Q

What other physiologic factors can alter temperature somewhat?

A

ambient temperature, clothing, anxiety, digestion, ovulation

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8
Q

What is a remittent fever?

A

varying during the course but not returning to normal until they resolve.

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9
Q

How does an infection change temperature?

A

pyrogens alert the hypothalamus to reset the thermoregulatory system.

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10
Q

Can children develop a fever for no apparent reason?

A

yes

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11
Q

How are fevers different in children than in adults?

A

often higher and fluctuate more dramatically

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12
Q

What happens during a fever?

A

blood is diverted to the core; the body senses it’s cold and starts shivering to generate heat

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13
Q

A typical fever has how many phases?

what are they (basic)?

A

3
1 - chills
2 - hot stage
3 - sweating

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14
Q

What are the muscle contractions caused by the first stage of the fever called?

A

chills or rigors (need for blankets and warmer clothing)

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15
Q

What occurs when temperature rapidly rises from normal to fever level?

A

febrile convulsions

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16
Q

When the temperature reaches the set point of the fever what stage is that?

A

hot stage (2)

17
Q

The third stage is sweating, why does this happen?

A

it is the way the heat dissipates when the fever is no longer needed.

18
Q

What are relapsing fevers? Are they common in the US?

A

fevers occur, resolve, and recur again in a few days.

NO, rare

19
Q

Relapsing fevers are associated with what conditions and where?

A

Hodgkin’s disease and malaria

ticks and lice transmission primarily in other countries

20
Q

Pyrexia is fever between what degrees?

A

patient’s normal and 105 degrees

21
Q

Why is pyrexia significant?

A

possibility for dehydration

22
Q

What is hyperpyrexia?

A

fever greater than 105 degrees

23
Q

Why is hyperpyrexia dangerous?

A

potentially deadly and indicate damage to hypothalamus or heat stroke

24
Q

Can an infection induced fever reach 106 degrees?

A

no, b/c bodies have a built in mechanism that prevents it from reaching 106

25
Q

A fever is a natural defense but it can contribute to what that may be harmful?

A

dehydration

26
Q

What do doctors always recommend with a fever?

A

rest and plenty of fluids

27
Q

With fevers who should you exercise caution with?

A

children and elderly and those compromised by other ailments.

28
Q

How much water can an athlete lose during exercise in a hot and humid environment?

A

22 ounces every 20 minutes

29
Q

How much water can the body absorb every 20 minutes?

A

6 ounces

30
Q

What is it called when the loss of sodium causes involuntary hypertonicity of the legs and abdomen?

A

heat cramps

31
Q

Weakness, dizziness, faintness, headaches, or rapid, shallow breathing are symptoms of what?

A

heat exhaustion

32
Q

What is heat exhaustion?

A

body tries to cool itself by sending blood from core to skin. (results in cold, clammy, sweaty skin). Heart and CNS become relatively deprived of blood.

33
Q

Hot dry skin, nervous system induced symptoms such as dyspnea, arrhythmia, dilated pupils, seizures, coma and death are symptoms of what?

A

heat stroke

34
Q

What causes heat stroke?

A

high temps with high humidity makes difficult for body to cool by evaporation of perspiration.

35
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

exposure to cold resulting in body temperature of 95 degrees or less

Physical Diagnosis (6 decks)

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