Blood Pressure

Question 1

What is the palpatory systolic blood pressure?

Answer 1

Gauge reading when the pulse is first felt…

Question 2

When you slowly release pressure in blood pressure cuff how fast do you do it?

Answer 2

2-3 mm Hg per second

Question 3

You inflate the cuff how high after pulse disappears?

Answer 3

20-30 mm Hg

Question 4

What is the “auscultatory gap”?

Answer 4

transient period of silence of the Korotkoff sounds (as much as 10-15 mm Hg before they return)

Question 5

What are Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 5

audible noises created by turbulent blood flow through the partially open lumen of the brachial artery

Question 6

How many times do the quality and intensity of Korotkoff sounds change as the artery slowly opens?

Answer 6

4 times

Question 7

Which part of stethoscope is better for low sounds?

Answer 7

bell

Question 8

Where do you apply the bell?

Answer 8

over brachial artery in the anticubital fossa

Question 9

What is auscultatory systolic BP?

Answer 9

first two consecutive pulsed, thud like sounds

Question 10

What is the 1st or mid-diastolic pressure?

Answer 10

point at which the blowing sounds become softer and begin to fade

Question 11

What is the end-diastolic pressure?

Answer 11

when the sounds completely stop

Question 12

When sounds due to high cardiac output may be heard all the way through to 0 what do you use?

Answer 12

mid-diastolic pressure

Question 13

What is the pulse pressure?

Answer 13

the pressure difference between the systolic & diastolic pressures.

Question 14

Some studies show what about pulse pressure?

Answer 14

that it is a better indicator of heart disease than systolic/diastolic alone.

Question 15

If blood pressure is taken in both arms there should be no more than what difference in the systolic pressures?

Answer 15

no more than 10 mm Hg difference

Question 16

The right arm may be 5-10 points higher due to what?

Answer 16

Additional bifucation

Question 17

What is this 5-10 point difference called?

Answer 17

Poiseuille’s Law

Question 18

A larger difference between the arm pressures suggest what?

Answer 18

compression, obstruction, or aneuryism of an artery on the lower side

Question 19

What could cause the compression?

Answer 19

mechanical or space taking lesion

Question 20

What could cause the obstruction?

Answer 20

plaque, clots or dissecting aneurysms

Question 21

Which blood pressures are greater?

Answer 21

leg BP’s are higher than arm BP’s

Question 22

Why are leg BP’s higher than arm BP’s?

Answer 22

because of the greater muscle mass

Question 23

If a young persons arm BP is higher than the leg BP, what do you suspect?

Answer 23

coarctation of the aorta

Question 24

If an elderly persons arm BP is higher than the leg BP. what do you suspect?

Answer 24

stenosis

Question 25

Systolic pressure should range from ...

Answer 25

100-140 mm Hg

Question 26

Diastolic pressure should range from ....

Answer 26

60-90 mm Hg

Question 27

What increases the diastolic pressure?

Answer 27

increased peripheral (arterial) resistance

Question 28

What tends to increase both systolic and diastolic pressure?

Answer 28

strong emotions (anxiety)

Question 29

Pulse pressure should be

Answer 29

40 mm Hg

Question 30

Wide pulse pressure means what?

Answer 30

there is additional arterial stretch with every heartbeat, therefore greater wear and tear on the arteries

Question 31

Are all abnormal combinations significant?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

The average normal blood pressure is what?

Answer 32

120/80

Question 33

Many physiologic variables influence blood pressure, readings therefore should what?

Answer 33

be taken on at least 3 different occasions | and attempt to eliminate those variables before declaring someone has abnormal blood pressue

Question 34

What are some causes for inaccurate BP readings?

Answer 34

arm hyperextended, unsupported, or not at heart level reinflating cuff too soon of before releasing all the pressure wrong cuff size auscultory gap can cause over/under estimation

Question 35

What is the ideal width of the cuff?

Answer 35

1/3-1/2 the circumference of the arm

Question 36

Why is high blood pressure so important?

Answer 36

extra wear and tear on blood vessels (esp. on the tiny vessels leading to the eyes, kidneys, heart, and brain)

Question 37

What accounts for 92% of people with high blood pressure?

Answer 37

essential or idiopathic hypertension

Question 38

What does it mean that 92% of ppl with high BP mean?

Answer 38

there is no single discernable pathology causing the hypertension

Question 39

What can be some causes of hypertension?

Answer 39

obesity, sedentary, salt, smoking, atherosclerosis etc.

Question 40

What accounts for 8% of ppl with hypertension?

Answer 40

secondary hypertension

Question 41

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 41

there is a discernable pathology causing subsequent hypertension

Question 42

What tops the list of pathologies that cause hypertenstion?

Answer 42

renal diseases

Question 43

After renal disease, what else can cause secondary hypertension?

Answer 43

adrenal disease, hyperthyroidism, coarctation of the aorta, polycythemia, preeclampsia

Question 44

What is polycythemia?

Answer 44

increase in total red cell mass in the blood

Question 45

What is prehypertension?

Answer 45

systolic pressure that is between 120-139 | diastolic pressure that is between 80-89

Question 46

What can ppl do themselves to lower BP?

Answer 46

life-style modifications, nutritional changes, and nutritional supplements

Question 47

What percentage of adults in US and Canada have high BP?

Answer 47

25%

Question 48

What percentage of HBP manifest in a mild form?

Answer 48

75%

Question 49

What specific things can people do to lower BP?

Answer 49

``` slow breathing exercises concord grape juice sodium reduction weight loss program of moderate exercise eat more fresh fruits and veggies avoid smoking and excessive alcohol ```

Question 50

What are the 3 stages of blood pressue? Managments?

Answer 50

stage 1 - 140-159, 90-99 (diuretics) stage 2 - >160, >100 ( diuretics + meds) stage 3 - > or = 180, > or = 100 (combo meds)

Question 51

Most people are in which range?

Answer 51

stage 1

Question 52

Has chiropractic been shown to lower blood pressure?

Answer 52

yes

Question 53

What is optimum BP? Management?

Question 54

What is prehypertension? Management?

Answer 54

120-139, 80-89 - decrease risky behavoirs