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Physical Diagnosis > Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the palpatory systolic blood pressure?

A

Gauge reading when the pulse is first felt…

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2
Q

When you slowly release pressure in blood pressure cuff how fast do you do it?

A

2-3 mm Hg per second

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3
Q

You inflate the cuff how high after pulse disappears?

A

20-30 mm Hg

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4
Q

What is the “auscultatory gap”?

A

transient period of silence of the Korotkoff sounds (as much as 10-15 mm Hg before they return)

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5
Q

What are Korotkoff sounds?

A

audible noises created by turbulent blood flow through the partially open lumen of the brachial artery

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6
Q

How many times do the quality and intensity of Korotkoff sounds change as the artery slowly opens?

A

4 times

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7
Q

Which part of stethoscope is better for low sounds?

A

bell

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8
Q

Where do you apply the bell?

A

over brachial artery in the anticubital fossa

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9
Q

What is auscultatory systolic BP?

A

first two consecutive pulsed, thud like sounds

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10
Q

What is the 1st or mid-diastolic pressure?

A

point at which the blowing sounds become softer and begin to fade

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11
Q

What is the end-diastolic pressure?

A

when the sounds completely stop

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12
Q

When sounds due to high cardiac output may be heard all the way through to 0 what do you use?

A

mid-diastolic pressure

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13
Q

What is the pulse pressure?

A

the pressure difference between the systolic & diastolic pressures.

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14
Q

Some studies show what about pulse pressure?

A

that it is a better indicator of heart disease than systolic/diastolic alone.

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15
Q

If blood pressure is taken in both arms there should be no more than what difference in the systolic pressures?

A

no more than 10 mm Hg difference

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16
Q

The right arm may be 5-10 points higher due to what?

A

Additional bifucation

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17
Q

What is this 5-10 point difference called?

A

Poiseuille’s Law

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18
Q

A larger difference between the arm pressures suggest what?

A

compression, obstruction, or aneuryism of an artery on the lower side

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19
Q

What could cause the compression?

A

mechanical or space taking lesion

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20
Q

What could cause the obstruction?

A

plaque, clots or dissecting aneurysms

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21
Q

Which blood pressures are greater?

A

leg BP’s are higher than arm BP’s

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22
Q

Why are leg BP’s higher than arm BP’s?

A

because of the greater muscle mass

23
Q

If a young persons arm BP is higher than the leg BP, what do you suspect?

A

coarctation of the aorta

24
Q

If an elderly persons arm BP is higher than the leg BP. what do you suspect?

A

stenosis

25
Q

Systolic pressure should range from …

A

100-140 mm Hg

26
Q

Diastolic pressure should range from ….

A

60-90 mm Hg

27
Q

What increases the diastolic pressure?

A

increased peripheral (arterial) resistance

28
Q

What tends to increase both systolic and diastolic pressure?

A

strong emotions (anxiety)

29
Q

Pulse pressure should be

A

40 mm Hg

30
Q

Wide pulse pressure means what?

A

there is additional arterial stretch with every heartbeat, therefore greater wear and tear on the arteries

31
Q

Are all abnormal combinations significant?

A

yes

32
Q

The average normal blood pressure is what?

A

120/80

33
Q

Many physiologic variables influence blood pressure, readings therefore should what?

A

be taken on at least 3 different occasions

and attempt to eliminate those variables before declaring someone has abnormal blood pressue

34
Q

What are some causes for inaccurate BP readings?

A

arm hyperextended, unsupported, or not at heart level
reinflating cuff too soon of before releasing all the pressure
wrong cuff size
auscultory gap can cause over/under estimation

35
Q

What is the ideal width of the cuff?

A

1/3-1/2 the circumference of the arm

36
Q

Why is high blood pressure so important?

A

extra wear and tear on blood vessels (esp. on the tiny vessels leading to the eyes, kidneys, heart, and brain)

37
Q

What accounts for 92% of people with high blood pressure?

A

essential or idiopathic hypertension

38
Q

What does it mean that 92% of ppl with high BP mean?

A

there is no single discernable pathology causing the hypertension

39
Q

What can be some causes of hypertension?

A

obesity, sedentary, salt, smoking, atherosclerosis etc.

40
Q

What accounts for 8% of ppl with hypertension?

A

secondary hypertension

41
Q

What is secondary hypertension?

A

there is a discernable pathology causing subsequent hypertension

42
Q

What tops the list of pathologies that cause hypertenstion?

A

renal diseases

43
Q

After renal disease, what else can cause secondary hypertension?

A

adrenal disease, hyperthyroidism, coarctation of the aorta, polycythemia, preeclampsia

44
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

increase in total red cell mass in the blood

45
Q

What is prehypertension?

A

systolic pressure that is between 120-139

diastolic pressure that is between 80-89

46
Q

What can ppl do themselves to lower BP?

A

life-style modifications, nutritional changes, and nutritional supplements

47
Q

What percentage of adults in US and Canada have high BP?

A

25%

48
Q

What percentage of HBP manifest in a mild form?

A

75%

49
Q

What specific things can people do to lower BP?

A 
slow breathing exercises
concord grape juice
sodium reduction
weight loss
program of moderate exercise
eat more fresh fruits and veggies
avoid smoking and excessive alcohol
50
Q

What are the 3 stages of blood pressue? Managments?

A

stage 1 - 140-159, 90-99 (diuretics)
stage 2 - >160, >100 ( diuretics + meds)
stage 3 - > or = 180, > or = 100 (combo meds)

51
Q

Most people are in which range?

A

stage 1

52
Q

Has chiropractic been shown to lower blood pressure?

A

yes

53
Q

What is optimum BP? Management?

A
54
Q

What is prehypertension? Management?

A

120-139, 80-89 - decrease risky behavoirs

Physical Diagnosis (6 decks)

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