Temperature

Question 1

C to F

Answer 1

C= 5/9 ( F-32 )

Question 2

Stevenson screen

What it measures
Height above ground

Answer 2

Temp and humidity

1-2m above ground

Question 3

Radiosonde

What it measures

Answer 3

Temp Humidity Pressure

Gps–> wind

Question 4

Conduction

Answer 4

Transfers of energy with contact

Question 5

Atmosphere heating

Answer 5

Sun heats the ground, ground heats the atmosphere

Question 6

Convection

Answer 6

Vertical movement of air

Forced convection windward side
Rotors -> mechanical convection leeward side

Question 7

Radiation

Answer 7

Short waves coming from sun

Ground radiates long waves

Question 8

Latent heat

Answer 8

Melting. Evaporation
Ice Water Vapor
Freezing. Condensation

Left-right: absorption of heat, cooling surrounding

Ice to vapor, heat release temp rise
Vapor to ice, heat absorption, temp decreases

Question 9

Advection

Answer 9

Horizontal movement of air

Wind

Question 10

Insulation

Answer 10

Amount not of solar radiation absorbed per unit area

Equator more because more direct heating
Depends on season, time of the day and latitude

Question 11

Earth Orbit and tilt

Tilt value
Specific date

Answer 11

23.5 inclination

Aphelion 4th of July, furthest 95M km
Perihelion 4th Jan, closest 91M km
Earth rotates at 50.04 degrees/ hour

Question 12

4 seasons and declination

Answer 12

Winter solstice, 21st December, Earth tilts away
Spring equinox, 21st march
Summer solstice, 21st of June
Autumn equinox’ 23rd of September

Declination,angle of sun to the Earth Equator
0 declination: sun right above equator
23.5 max declination, tropic

Question 13

Retaining heat

Answer 13

Heat is the amount of Energy to drive an activity
Calorie: 1 calories is the heat needed to rise 1g of water by 1C

Specific heat, amount of heat needed for same temperature rise
Rock 0.25
Ice: 0.5
Water :1

Question 14

Diurnal variation or daily variation

Impact of wind

Impact of clouds

Answer 14

30 mins after sunrise = coldest
2 hours after local noon= hottest

Wind at night, not as cold
Wind during the day, not as hot

Cloud at night: temperature increases (blanket)
Cloud during the day: colder temperature

Question 15

Types of temperature inversions

Answer 15

Ground inversion: ground cools faster than the air. Air in contact with the ground cools more rapidly, become colder than the layer above.

Valley inversion: flanks cool more rapidly, air sinks

Subsidence: air gets compressed and warms up

Frontal inversion: with the passage of a front

Question 16

Clearing temperature inversions:

Answer 16

Surface heating

Wind