Temperature

Question 1

Heat Loss

Answer 1

65% of heat lost through radiation

• 50% through head and neck
• 20% through evaporation
• death is imminent when temp falls below 77-85 degrees

Question 2

Prevention of Heat Loss

Answer 2

• waterproof/windproof fabrics allow passage of heat/sweat and allow movement
• layer clothing
• monitor hydration levels

Question 3

Common Cold Injuries

Answer 3

• localized cooling can result in tissue damage

- formation of ice crystals between cells can destroy cell and disrupt blood flow

Question 4

Frost Nip

Answer 4

• ears, nose, chin, fingers and toes
• occurs with high wind and/or severe cold
• skin appears firm w/cold painless areas that may blister
• do not rub!

Question 5

Frostbite

Answer 5

prolonged exposure causing redness and swelling, tingling pain in toes and fingers

• area will feel numb then sting and burn as it starts to rewarm
• superficial or deep

Question 6

Altitude Sickness

Answer 6

• not typically an issue in athletics

- body compensates through tachycardia and hyperventilation

Question 7

Altitude Illnesses

Answer 7

• “acute mountain sickness”
• 1 out of 3 will experience at 7000-8000 feet
• headache, nausea, vomiting, sleep, disturbance, and dyspnea

Question 8

Altitude Pulmonary Edema

Answer 8

• 9000 to 10,000 feet
• lungs accumulate fluid in alveolar walls forming pulmonary edema
• cough, dyspnea, weakness, potential unconsciousness
• move to a lower altitude

Question 9

High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

Answer 9

• persistent headache which may precede mental dysfunction, neurologic abnormalities
• occurs in 1% of people adjusting to altitudes above 9,000 feet

Question 10

Sickle Cell Trait

Answer 10

• 8-10% of african americans have sickle cell trait.
• hereditary
• have to get athletes tested
• can cause enlarged spleen/rupture
• can lead to muscle breakdown and death

Question 11

over exposure to sun

Answer 11

• premature aging

- cancer

Question 12

Using Sunscreen

Answer 12

• SPF = sun protection factor
• number indicates how much longer you can stay out in the sun before skin turns red
• should be applied 15-30 minutes before exposure

Question 13

Lightning Safety

Answer 13

#2 cause of weather-related death
- have to have a plan (EAP)

Question 14

Other Lightning guidelines

Answer 14

• if your hair stands on end you are in imminent danger and should get on the ground immediately

Question 15

Flash to bang method

Answer 15

• estimates distance from the storm
• from the time lightning is sighted to the clap of thunder
• count, divide by 5 to calculate the number of miles away
• count of 30 indicates inherent danger
• count of 15 seconds everyone should leave the field

Question 16

NATA reccomendations for return after lightning

Answer 16

• 30 minutes following the last clap of thunder/lightning strick
• cell phones are safe to use during a storm
• people struck by lightning do not carry a charge

Question 17

Ozone

Answer 17

formed by the action of sunlight on carbon based chemicals (hydrocarbons) in combination with nitrogen dioxides

• eye irritation
• fatigue
• lowered resistance to lung infections

Question 18

Sulfur Dioxide

Answer 18

• colorless gas
  Causes
• increased resistance to air movement in/out of lungs
• shortness of breath

Question 19

Carbon Monoxide

Answer 19

• colorless
• odorless
• reduces hemoglobins ability to transport o2 and restricts release of o2 to tissues

Question 20

Particulate Matter

Answer 20

• solids found in atmosphere
• dust, pollen, molds, ash, etc,
• can cause COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) emphysema/bronchitis

Question 21

Prevention of inhalation of particulate matter

Answer 21

• stop/decrease activity during periods of high pollution

Question 22

Circadian Dysrhythmia (jet lag)

Answer 22

• desynchronization of biological and biophysical time clock
• physical and mental effects
• usually takes a couple of days to get back to normal
• younger individuals adjust more rapidly

Question 23

Prevention of jet lag

Answer 23

• depart well rested
• avoid alcohol before, during and after trip
• pre-adjust before leaving

Question 24

Synthetic turf

Answer 24

believed to be

• durable, consistent, usable in inclement weather, requires less maintenance
• injuries are more likely to occur when training always occurs on turf

Question 25

Common injuries from turf

Answer 25

• avoid shoes that stick
• abrasions
• turf toe
• infections