Temperature Flashcards
Heat Loss
65% of heat lost through radiation
- 50% through head and neck
- 20% through evaporation
- death is imminent when temp falls below 77-85 degrees
Prevention of Heat Loss
- waterproof/windproof fabrics allow passage of heat/sweat and allow movement
- layer clothing
- monitor hydration levels
Common Cold Injuries
- localized cooling can result in tissue damage
- formation of ice crystals between cells can destroy cell and disrupt blood flow
Frost Nip
- ears, nose, chin, fingers and toes
- occurs with high wind and/or severe cold
- skin appears firm w/cold painless areas that may blister
- do not rub!
Frostbite
prolonged exposure causing redness and swelling, tingling pain in toes and fingers
- area will feel numb then sting and burn as it starts to rewarm
- superficial or deep
Altitude Sickness
- not typically an issue in athletics
- body compensates through tachycardia and hyperventilation
Altitude Illnesses
- “acute mountain sickness”
- 1 out of 3 will experience at 7000-8000 feet
- headache, nausea, vomiting, sleep, disturbance, and dyspnea
Altitude Pulmonary Edema
- 9000 to 10,000 feet
- lungs accumulate fluid in alveolar walls forming pulmonary edema
- cough, dyspnea, weakness, potential unconsciousness
- move to a lower altitude
High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
- persistent headache which may precede mental dysfunction, neurologic abnormalities
- occurs in 1% of people adjusting to altitudes above 9,000 feet
Sickle Cell Trait
- 8-10% of african americans have sickle cell trait.
- hereditary
- have to get athletes tested
- can cause enlarged spleen/rupture
- can lead to muscle breakdown and death
over exposure to sun
- premature aging
- cancer
Using Sunscreen
- SPF = sun protection factor
- number indicates how much longer you can stay out in the sun before skin turns red
- should be applied 15-30 minutes before exposure
Lightning Safety
#2 cause of weather-related death - have to have a plan (EAP)
Other Lightning guidelines
- if your hair stands on end you are in imminent danger and should get on the ground immediately
Flash to bang method
- estimates distance from the storm
- from the time lightning is sighted to the clap of thunder
- count, divide by 5 to calculate the number of miles away
- count of 30 indicates inherent danger
- count of 15 seconds everyone should leave the field
NATA reccomendations for return after lightning
- 30 minutes following the last clap of thunder/lightning strick
- cell phones are safe to use during a storm
- people struck by lightning do not carry a charge
Ozone
formed by the action of sunlight on carbon based chemicals (hydrocarbons) in combination with nitrogen dioxides
- eye irritation
- fatigue
- lowered resistance to lung infections
Sulfur Dioxide
- colorless gas
Causes - increased resistance to air movement in/out of lungs
- shortness of breath
Carbon Monoxide
- colorless
- odorless
- reduces hemoglobins ability to transport o2 and restricts release of o2 to tissues
Particulate Matter
- solids found in atmosphere
- dust, pollen, molds, ash, etc,
- can cause COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) emphysema/bronchitis
Prevention of inhalation of particulate matter
- stop/decrease activity during periods of high pollution
Circadian Dysrhythmia (jet lag)
- desynchronization of biological and biophysical time clock
- physical and mental effects
- usually takes a couple of days to get back to normal
- younger individuals adjust more rapidly
Prevention of jet lag
- depart well rested
- avoid alcohol before, during and after trip
- pre-adjust before leaving
Synthetic turf
believed to be
- durable, consistent, usable in inclement weather, requires less maintenance
- injuries are more likely to occur when training always occurs on turf
Common injuries from turf
- avoid shoes that stick
- abrasions
- turf toe
- infections
