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AT 540 > Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

General

A
  • diagnose them early
  • diagnose them correctly
  • protect other athletes
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2
Q

Skin

A

Melanin
- variations may be due to anatomic physiologic or pathophysiologic changes in skin blood flow

Normal skin appearance
- altered by external and internal factors

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3
Q

Cellulitis

A
  • infectious inflammation of deep skin structures

- red, swollen, blotchy

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4
Q

Primary Skin Lesions

A
  • haven’t broken through the skin
  • macule, papule, plaque, nodule
  • tumor, cyst
  • wheal, vesicle, bulla, pustule
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5
Q

Secondary Skin Lesions

A
  • has broken through skin
  • more severe
  • scale, crust, fissure, erosion
  • ulcer, scar
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6
Q

Skin Trauma

A

mechanical forces that cause injury

  • friction
  • compression
  • shearing
  • stretching
  • scraping
  • tearing
  • avulsing
  • puncturing
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7
Q

Friction and Pressure

A

hyperkeratosis (like a callous)
- friction and pressure over bony protuberances

Signs/Symptoms

  • thickening of skin, ovular, elongated, and brown
  • painful with pressure
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8
Q

Management of Hyperkeratosis

A
  • emery boards/pumice
  • moisturizer (skin lube)
  • padding
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9
Q

Soft/Hard corns

A
  • pressure from improperly fitting shoes and anatomic abnomalities
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10
Q

Signs and Symptoms of soft/hard corns

A

Soft - thickening of the skin, white skin and can be painful, between 4th and 5th toes, result of pressure and perspiration

Hard - typically on the tops of the toes

  • surgical removal if painful
  • padding, keep feet clean/dry, wear appropriate shoes
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11
Q

Excessive Perspiration (hyperhidrosis)

A
  • syrup-like perspiration
  • increases risk of irritation
  • use of astringent such as alcohol/absorbent powder
  • astringent is a vasoconstrictor
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12
Q

Chafing of Skin

A
  • occurs in pt. that are obese or heavy limbed
  • result of friction and maceration of skin from heat/moisture
  • causing oozing wounds
  • crust and crack
  • clean w/soap and water
  • hydrocortisone cream
  • keep skin dry/clean, friction free
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13
Q

Xerotic (dry) skin

A
  • exposure to cold, excessive bathing, decreased humidity
  • redness & scaling, itching
  • hydration, use tepid water to bathe, moisturizers
  • super glue to prevent further splitting
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14
Q

Skin bruises

A

result of blunt trauma, causes disruption of superficial blood vessels and results in black and blue discoloration
- treat w/ PRICE

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15
Q

Bacterial Infections (staphylococcus)

A
  • bacteria that appears in clumps on skin and/or upper respiratory tract
  • treated w/anti-biotics
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16
Q

Bacterial Infections (Streptococcus)

A
  • chain bacteria often associated with systemic disease and skin infections
  • treated w/anti-biotics
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17
Q

Bacterial Infections (bacillus)

A
  • spore forming, aerobic and occasionally mobile
  • can cause systemic damage
  • treated w/anti-biotics
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18
Q

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

A
  • often occurs in individuals that are already sick, hospitalized, have open wounds or burns
  • easily transmitted via superficial abrasions and minor skin trauma
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19
Q

Signs/Symptoms, management for MRSA

A
  • redness, swelling, tenderness
  • antibiotics (higher dose)
  • treatment lasts several weeks
  • refer any suspected case of MRSA
  • inform athletes/clean facility
  • let doctor and health nurses know
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20
Q

Impetigo Contagiosa

A
  • caused by strep, staph or combo of the two

- VERY contagious

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21
Q

S/S and management of Impetigo Contagiosa

A
  • gets crusty
  • keep them away from everyone else
  • mild itching and soreness followed by eruption of small vesicles and pustules that rupture and crust
  • generally develops in body folds that are subject to friction
  • cleansing and topical antibacterial agents, systemic antibiotics
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22
Q

Furuncles (boils)

A
  • infection of hair follicle that results in pustule formation
  • generally result of a staph infection
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23
Q

S/S and management of Furnuncles

A
  • pustule becomes reddened, enlarged, and hard from internal pressure
  • pain/tenderness increase w/pressure
  • most will mature and rupture
  • protection from additional irritation
  • antibiotics
  • keep pt. from contact w/team members while draining
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24
Q

Carbuncles

A
  • similiar to boils
  • larger/deeper than boils
  • several openings in skin
  • may produce fever and elevation of WBC count
  • discharges yellowish pus
  • surgical drainage and antibiotics
  • warm compress to draw it out
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25
Q

Folliculitis

A
  • inflammation of hair follicle
  • can be caused by friction
  • non-infectious or infectious agents = cause
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26
Q

PFB

A

pseudofolliculitis

- ingrown hair

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27
Q

Folliculitis signs & symptoms

A
  • redness around follicle that is followed by development of papule or pustule at the hair follicle
  • followed by development of crust
  • moist heat is used to increase circulation
  • anti-biotics
  • alopecia (baldness) can be caused if infection causes scarring
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28
Q

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

A
  • inflammation of hair follicle resulting in secondary blockage of the apocrine gland
  • chronic inflammatory condition of sweat glands
  • small papule to deep dermal inflammation
  • avoid antiperspirants, deodorants and shaving creams
  • medicated soaps/antibiotics
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29
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A
  • inflammatory disease of the hair follicle and the sebaceous glands
  • *could be hormones
  • white/black/red heads, pustules or cysts
  • possible scarring if deep enough
  • topical/systemic agents
  • mild soaps recc.
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30
Q

Paronychia and Onychia

A
  • caused by staph, strep, and/or fungal organisms
  • damage to cuticle

Onychia: infection of the nail bed
Paronychia: infection of the lateral nail fold

  • rapid onset, painful, bright red swelling
  • accumulation of purulent material nail fold
  • soak in epsom salts
  • topical antibiotic, drainage
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31
Q

Tetanus infection (lockjaw)

A
  • from stepping on a rusty nail
  • acute infection of the CNS and muscles
  • stiffness of the jaw and muscles of the neck
  • fever
32
Q

Tetanus Management

A
  • hospilitation/ICU
  • ER
  • Immunization
33
Q

Fungal Infections

A
  • yeast and molds
  • grows best in unsanitary conditions with warmth, moisture, and darkness
  • ringworm is most common cause (has a raised border)
34
Q

Tinea of the Scalp (tinea capitis) (ringworm)

A
  • begins as a small papule that spreads peripherally
  • appears as small grayish scales resulting in scattered balding
  • spread through close physical contact
  • treatment with systemic anti-fungal agents (topical agents used as well)
35
Q

Tinea of the body (tinea corporis) (ringworm)

A
  • itchy red-brown scaling plaque that expands peripherally
  • management by topical antifungal cream (***lamasil, tinactin
  • cover and protect
  • monitor daily
  • refer if not resolving
36
Q

Tinea of the nail (tinea unguium/onychomycosis)

A
  • fungal infection of the nail
  • “athletes foot”
  • nail becomes thick, brittle and separated from its bed
  • systemic medications are most effective
  • surgical removal may be necessary if extremely infected
37
Q

Tinea of the Groin (tinea cruris)

A
  • symmetric red-brown scaling plaque with snake-like border
  • mild to moderate itching
  • will respond to non-prescription medications
  • may require additional topical and oral prescriptions
  • refer if failure to respond
38
Q

Athlete’s Foot (tinea pedis)

A
  • most common form of superficial fungal infection
  • extreme itching on soles of feet, between and on top of toes
  • appears as dry, scaling patch, or inflammatory papules

Management: topical anti-fungal agents and good foot hygiene

39
Q

Candidiasis (Moniliasis)

A
  • yeast like fungus that can produce skin, mucous membrane and internal infections
  • beefy red patches with possible satellite pustules
  • white macerated border may surround the red area
  • deep painful fissures may develop
  • use anti fungal agents, keep area dry
  • *usually in the mouth
40
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A
  • caused by a yeast
  • in areas that sebaceous glands actively secrete body oils
  • multiple small, circular, pink/brown/white merciless
  • chest, abdomen, and neck
  • do not tan when exposed to sun
  • use selenium shampoo and topical econazole nitrate
  • re-pigmentation will occur
41
Q

Viral Infections

A
  • ultramicroscopic organisms that require host cells to complete their life cycle
42
Q

Herpes Simplex Labialis, Gladiatorum, and Zoster

A
  • highly contagious
  • transmitted directly through a lesion or mucus membrane
  • resides in the sensory nerve neurilemmal sheath
  • recurrent attacks stimulated by sunlight, emotional disturbances, illness, fatigue or infection
43
Q

Herpes Signs & Symptoms

A
  1. early indication is tingling or hypersensitivity in an infected area 24 hrs after exposure
  2. local swelling followed by outbreak of vesicles
  3. pt. may feel ill w/headache, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and pain in area of lesions
  4. vesicles usually rupture in 1-3 days willing serous material
  5. heal in generally 10-14 days
  6. **athlete should be disqualified from contact during and outbreak. highly contagious
44
Q

Herpes Management

A
  1. lesions are self limiting- reduce pain and promote early healing
  2. use of antiviral drugs can reduce recurrence and shorten course of outbreak
  3. can lead to secondary infection if not managed carefully
45
Q

Herpes Simplex

A

on the face

46
Q

Herpes wrestling

A
  • gotta do skin checks before wrestling tournament
  • type 1 = extragenital
  • type 2 = genital
47
Q

Herpes Zoster

A
  • shingles
  • only on one side of the body
  • trunk & head
48
Q

Verruca Virus and Warts

A
  • verruca plana (flat wart)
  • verruca plantaris (plantar wart)
  • condyloma acuminatum (venereal wart)
  • different types of human papilloma virus
  • uses epidermal layer of skin to reproduce and grow
  • wart enters through lesion in skin
49
Q

Common Wart

A
  • small, round, elevated lesion with rough dry surfaces
  • painful with pressure
  • topical salicylic acid or liquid nitrogen to fix
50
Q

Plantar Warts

A
  • spread through papilloma virus
  • sole of foot, or adjacent to areas of abnormal weight-bearing
  • point tenderness
  • hemorrhagic puncta (black seeds)
  • protect & prevent
  • shave callus
  • can be removed by freezing
51
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A
  • poxvirus infection
  • contagious with direct body contact
  • **very contagious
  • small, flesh or red colored, smooth-domed papule
  • physician referral
  • removed surgically or counterirritant, or cryosurgery
52
Q

Allergic, Thermal and Chemical Skin Reactions

A
  • allergens may be food, drugs, clothing, dusts, pollens, plants, animals, heat, cold, dyes or light
  • reddening and swelling of tissue, hives, burning
  • ATCs must recognize gross signs of allergic responses, be prepared to remove allergens, treat topically or systemically
53
Q

Contact Dermatitis (allergic and irritant)

A
  • poison ivy, poison oak, sumac, ragweed, primrose
  • topical medications
  • chemicals found in fragrances, soaps and detergents
  • pre-wrap, tuf skin, tape, ice or heat
  • *poison ivy can get into lungs and go systemic
54
Q

Contact Dermatitis Signs/Symptoms

A
  • onset may range from 1 day to 1 week
  • redness, swelling, formation of vesicles that ooze fluid and form crust, constant itching
  • may change from redness and blistering to scaling, lichenified papillose and plaques
55
Q

Contact Dermatitis Management

A
  • avoid allergen

- compresses or soaks, topical corticosteroids

56
Q

Miliaria (Prickly Heat)

A
  • continued exposure to heat and moisture causing retention of perspiration
  • itching and burning vesicles and pustules
  • occurs most often on arms, trunks, and bending areas of the body
  • avoidance of overheating, frequent bathing with non-irritating soap, wear loose fitting clothing and use of anti-itch lotions
57
Q

Sunburns

A
  • inflammatory response to injury cause by uv ray
    S/S: erythema, shock, malfunctioning of organs w/in skin,
  • appears 2-8 hrs following exposure, symptoms most severe 12 hrs after
  • dissipate w/in 72-96 hrs
58
Q

Sunburn Management

A
  • sunscreen
  • treat a burn according to the degree of inflammation
  • cool water, aloe based solutions
  • moisturizers for dryness and peeling
  • OTCs can help with pain/discomfort
  • severe burns require physician assistance
59
Q

Scabies

A
  • caused by mites that tunnel and lay eggs which causes extreme nocturnal itching
60
Q

Scabies S/S

A
  • dark lines, between fingers and toes, body flexures, nipples and genitalia
  • excoiations, pustules and papillose caused by itching tends to hind true cause
  • skin develops hypersensitivity to the mite
61
Q

Scabies Management

A
  • permethrin 5% is treatment of choice
  • washing of bedding and clothing is necessary
  • topical corticosteroids to treat itching
62
Q

Lice

A
  • head, pubic region, body
  • bitch cause itching dermatitis and subsequent scratching
  • rapid cure using any number of agents, mayo.
  • to prevent re-infestation all clothing and bedding should be washed in hot soapy water or discarded
63
Q

Fleas

A
  • small, wingless insects
  • discomfort from bites
  • concentrated on ankles and lower legs
  • prevent with topical agents
  • avoid scratching
64
Q

Ticks

A
  • parasitic insect
  • can transmit rocky mountain spotted fever and lyme disease
  • headaches fever, malaise, myalgia and rash
  • remove tick, referral, systemic treatment
65
Q

Mosquitoes

A
  • produce bites that can be irritating, itchy, painful
  • can transmit blood-borne illnesses
  • topical medication, repellents
66
Q

Stinging Insects

A
  • bees, wasps etc.
  • hypersensitive individuals
  • increase HR, breathing
  • Anaphylatic reaction
  • swelling of mouth and throat, difficulty breathing, vomiting, etc.
67
Q

How to avoid insect stings

A
  • smelly lotions/shampoos
  • brightly colored clothing
  • epipen on site for athletes with known allergy
  • **Anaphylactic reaction immediate physician referral
68
Q

Spider Bite

A
  • typically not dangerous to humans
  • rarely bite more than once
  • black widow & brown recluse
  • pain, swelling, puncture wounds, muscle pain & cramps, headache, anxiety, vomiting, increase BP, difficulty breathing
69
Q

Spider Bite Management

A
  • wash wound
  • apply anti-biotic
  • seek medical attention if infections occurs/ulcer does not heal, nausea, vomiting, fever or rash occur
  • if muscle cramping occurs pt. MUST go to nearest emergency room
70
Q

Pityriasis Rosea

A
  • acute inflammatory skin rash of unknown origin
  • occurs between ages of 10-35
  • single pinkish-red patch on the chest or back
71
Q

Pityriasis Rosea S/S & management

A
  • within 2/3 days a secondary eruption occurs on chest/upper extremities
  • red scaly with clearing in the center
  • typically doesn’t require treatment
72
Q

Psoriasis

A
  • genetic factors may play role
  • lesions begins as reddish papule that progress to plaques
  • progress to yellowish
  • elbows, knees, trunk, genitalia, belly button
  • long term oral meds
  • self-management
73
Q

Skin Cancer

A
  • exposure to sun
  • malignant tumor that grows in skin
  • 50% of all cancers
  • small shiny bump
74
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • found in individuals w/light eye/hair color

- small shiny bump

75
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • appears as nodules, red, scaly, patches of skin
  • lips, ears, face
  • fair skinned people
76
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A
  • mole
  • asymmetry
  • border
  • color
  • diameter
  • fair skinned
77
Q

Skin Cancer Management

A
  • immediate referral if suspicious of any skin lesion
  • surgery 90% of cases
  • laser, radiation

AT 540 (5 decks)

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