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AT 540 > Environmental Considerations > Flashcards

Environmental Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Heat Stress

A

Is preventable, the body must be able to dissipate heat to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

Metabolic Heat Production

A

normal metabolic function results in production of heat

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3
Q

Conductive Heat Exchange

A

physical contact with objects resulting in heat loss or gain

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4
Q

Convective Heat Exchange

A

body heat can be lost or gained depending on circulation of medium

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5
Q

radiant heat exchange

A

sunshine will cause an increase in temperature

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6
Q

evaporative heat loss

A

lose 1 quart of water per hour for up to 2 hours

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7
Q

Humidity effects

A
  • relative humidity of 65% impairs evaporation

- relative humidity of 75% stops evaporation

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8
Q

Preventing Heat Illness

A
  • use common sense and precaution

- hydration

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9
Q

Dehydration

A

occurs when 2% of body weight is lost in fluid

- will impair cardiovascular and thermoregulatory

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10
Q

Signs of Dehydration

A
  • thirst
  • dizziness
  • dry mouth
  • irritability
  • excessive fatigue
  • possible cramps
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11
Q

How do you treat an athlete with dehydration?

A
  • move them to a cool environment
  • begin re-hydration
  • return to activity only after fluid wt. loss has been regained and symptoms cease.
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12
Q

Fluid & Electrolyte Replacement

A
  • body requires 2.5 L of water daily when engaged in minimal activity
  • adult will typically lose about 1.5L/hour
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13
Q

NCAA Mandated Guidelines (FB)

A

Day 1: only one practice a day (equipment restrictions)
Days 1 & 2: Helmets only
Days 3 & 4: Helmets and shoulder pads only
Day 5: Full pads
After day 5: twice a day every other day*

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14
Q

How do you identify susceptible individuals?

A
  • athletes with large muscle mass
  • overweight athletes
  • young or elderly
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15
Q

Weight records

A
  • measured for the first two weeks
  • A >2% loss of body weight during activity is a health risk
  • remove from activity until normal weight returns/is hydrated
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16
Q

Monitoring Heat Index

A

monitor heat, sunshine, humidity

17
Q

Wet bulb globe temperature index

A
  • dry bulb (standard mercury)
  • wet bulb (thermometer with wet gauze, swung in air)
  • black bulb (black casing that measures radiant heat)
18
Q

Heat Illnesses

A
  • Heat rash
  • Heat Syncope
  • Heat Cramps
  • Exertional Heat Exhaustion
19
Q

Heat Rash

A
  • prickly heat
  • red, raised rash
  • result of being continuously wet from un-evaporated sweat
  • generally in areas covered with clothing
20
Q

How to treat heat rash

A

keep skin dry
towels
powder

21
Q

Heat Syncope

A
  • standing in heat for long periods of time
  • fatigue
  • overexposure to sun
  • dizzy
  • fainting
  • caused by peripheral vasodilation or pooling of blood in extremities
  • get athlete to cool, dry area, consume fluids, elevate legs
22
Q

Heat Cramps

A
  • painful muscle spasms due to excessive water loss and electrolyte imbalance
  • result of overexertion in a hot environment
  • occurs primarily in calf and abdomen
23
Q

Exertional Heat Exhaustion

A
  • result of inadequate fluid placement

- unable to sustain adequate cardiac output

24
Q

Signs of Exertional Heat Exhaustion

A 
profuse sweating
pale skin
mildly elevated temperature
dizziness
nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
hyperventilation
muscle cramping 
loss of coordination
25
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A
  • may develop heat cramps
  • may become faint and/or dizzy
  • core temperature will be less than 104 degrees***
26
Q

treatmetn for heat exhaustion

A
  • fluid ingestion
  • place in cool environment
  • remove excess clothing
  • monitor vital signs
  • must be cleared by a physician
  • can progress to heat stroke if not treated
27
Q

Exertional Heatstroke

A

serious life-threatening condition

  • breakdown of thermoregulatory system
  • sudden collapse
  • flushed hot skin, minimal sweating
  • shallow breathing
  • strong rapid pulse
  • core temperature of > 104 degrees
28
Q

How to treat Heat Stroke

A
  • strip clothing
  • sponge with cool water
  • use ice packs
  • call 911/transport to hospital immediately
  • cool first, transport second
  • most likely be unconscious
29
Q

Cold water immersion

A
  • dunk tank should be 36-68 degrees
  • goal is to reduce the core temperature to at least 102 degrees
  • survival rate of athletes treated with cold water immersion is 100%
30
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

A
  • rare, genetic muscle disorder causing hypersensitivity to anesthesia and extreme exercise in hot environment
  • athletes will complain of muscle pain after exercise
  • elevated temperature 10-15 mins after exercise
  • disqualification from hot, humid events
31
Q

Acute Exertional Rhabdomyolysis

A
  • sudden catabolic destruction and degeneration of skeletal muscle
  • occurs during intense exercise in heat/humidity
32
Q

Signs of acute exertional rhabdomyolysis

A
  • gradual muscle weakness, swelling, pain, dark urine, renal dysfunction
  • can lead to sudden collapse, renal failure and death
  • associated sickle cell trait
33
Q

exertional hyponatremia

A
  • fluid/electrolyte disorder resulting in abnormally low concentration of sodium in blood
  • caused by ingesting too much fluid before and after exercise
34
Q

signs of exertional hyponatremia

A
  • progressively worsening headache, nausea, vomiting
  • swelling of hands and feet, lethargy, apathy or agitation
  • low blood sodium
35
Q

Athletes who intentionally lose weight

A
  • predispose themselves to heat related injuries that could create life-threatening situations
  • weight loss should not be accomplished through dehydration
  • NCAA est. guidelines for weight loss in wrestling

AT 540 (5 decks)

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