Tema E (Kalkulasjon Kap. 7) Flashcards
What is the primary focus of kalkulasjon in industribedrift?
Calculating costs and determining pricing strategies for products or orders
This encompasses various methods such as self-costing and contribution costing.
Define tilleggskalkulasjon.
A method of calculating additional costs based on indirect costs
This includes estimating costs based on cost drivers.
What is the selvkostmetoden?
A costing method that includes both variable and fixed indirect costs
It calculates total costs associated with producing a product.
List the components included in the selvkostkalkyle.
- Direct material (DM)
- Direct labor (DL)
- Indirect variable costs
- Indirect fixed costs
- Profit margin
- Sales price
What does the bidragsmetoden focus on in cost calculation?
Only variable costs related to production
It excludes fixed costs from the decision-making process.
Fill in the blank: The addition of _____ is crucial in selvkostkalkyle.
[indirect costs]
True or False: Bidragsmetoden includes fixed costs in the calculation.
False
It focuses solely on variable costs.
What is the purpose of tilleggssatser?
To allocate indirect costs to the correct cost objects
This helps in accurately calculating the cost or price of a product.
Identify examples of kostnadsdrivere.
- Direct material (in kr)
- Direct labor (in kr)
- Number of working hours
- Units used
- Number of machine hours
- Distance driven
What does the term ‘tilvirkningskost’ refer to?
Manufacturing costs incurred in production
It is a key component in both selvkostmetoden and bidragsmetoden.
How does selvkost differ from bidrag in terms of long-term pricing strategy?
Selvkost requires prices to cover all costs in the long term, while bidrag focuses on covering marginal costs in the short term.
What are the potential weaknesses of the selvkostmetoden?
- May lead to incorrect decision-making for additional orders
- Not suitable for finding the lowest price in short-term market crises
What is the significance of dekningsbidrag in bidragsmetoden?
It represents the contribution margin needed to cover fixed costs and profit
This is essential for ensuring long-term sustainability.
What is the calculated sales price in selvkostkalkyle comprised of?
Total costs plus profit margin
This ensures all costs are covered while also generating profit.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is calculated by adding direct material and direct labor in bidragsmetoden.
[tilvirkningsmerkost]
Spørsmål
Svar
Hva er a) en direkte kostnad? b) en indirekte kostnad?
Direkte kostnader er kostnader som kan knyttes direkte til et spesifikt produkt, mens indirekte kostnader er felleskostnader som må fordeles.
Gi noen eksempler på indirekte kostnader i en handelsbedrift.
Eksempler: husleie, strøm, administrasjon.
Hva er hensikten med å dele opp virksomheten i avdelinger?
For å bedre kontrollere kostnader og lønnsomhet.
Hva er en avdelingsdirekte kostnad?
Kostnader som er direkte knyttet til en spesifikk avdeling.
Hvorfor bruker vi hjelpeavdelinger?
For å fordele kostnader som støtter de primære avdelingene.
Sett opp selvkostkalkylen i en handelsbedrift.
Se modellen for selvkostkalkyle.
Hva er avanse?
Avanse er fortjenesten uttrykt i prosent av kostnaden.
Hva er bruttofortjeneste?
Bruttofortjeneste er forskjellen mellom salgsinntekter og varekostnad.
Hva er en tilleggssats (kalkylesats)?
Tilleggssats er et prosenttillegg som brukes for å fordele indirekte kostnader.