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Physics > Telecommunications > Flashcards

Telecommunications Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave

A

The transfer of energy from an origin to the desired output

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2
Q

What is the crest of a wave

A

The top of a wave’s curve

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3
Q

What is the trough of a wave

A

The bottom of a wave’s curve

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4
Q

What is the medium of a wave

A

The material which a wave passes through

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5
Q

What is the zero position of a wave

A

Where the medium would be if a wave was not passing through it

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6
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave

A

The height of the wave from either the zero position to the trough or the zero position to the crest

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7
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave

A

The distance taken for a wave to repeat itself (the length of one whole wave)

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8
Q

What is the period of a wave

A

The time taken for a wave to repeat itself (the time taken for one whole wave to pass a point)

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9
Q

What is the frequency of a wave

A

The number of complete waves that pass a point in one second

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10
Q

What is the equation of frequency

A

F = N/T

N= number of complete waves

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11
Q

What is the equation of period

A

P= T/N

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12
Q

What are the two main types of wave

A

+ transverse

+ longitudinal

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13
Q

What is a transverse wave

A

A wave in which the particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of travel (up and down)

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14
Q

What is a longitudinal wave

A

A wave in which the particles vibrate parallel to the direction of travel

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15
Q

What is the speed of sound

A

340 metres per second

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16
Q

What is the speed of light

A

3x10 to the 8 metres per second

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17
Q

Is a sound wave transverse or longitudinal

A

Longitudinal

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18
Q

Is a light wave a transverse or longitudinal wave

A

Transverse

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19
Q

What is the equation of a wave when given frequency, velocity and wavelength

A

V = F x λ

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20
Q

What is colour dependant on

A

The frequency of the light Ray that we can see

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21
Q

What is the name of the colours that can be seen by the human eye

A

Visible light

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22
Q

What colours make up visible light

A 
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo 
Violet
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23
Q

What colour has the highest frequency

A

Red

24
Q

What is the name of the range of frequencies beyond visible light

A

The EM spectrum

25
Q

What is the visible spectrum

A

Radio wave-> Microwave-> infrared -> visible -> ultraviolet -> x Ray -> gamma

26
Q

Does the frequency increase or decrease as you go from radio->gamma

A

Increase

27
Q

Does the wavelength increase or decrease as you go from radio->gamma

A

Decrease

28
Q

Does the energy increase or decrease as you go from radio->gamma

A

Increase

29
Q

What is the acronym for the EM spectrum

A

Real Men In Velcro Uniforms eXterminate Germs

30
Q

If a light wave hits a surface, what can it do:

A

+ transmit through it
+ be absorbed by it
+ reflect off it

31
Q

What is the normal of a reflecting Ray

A

A line that is at 90 degrees from the surface of reflection

32
Q

What is the incident Ray of a reflecting Ray

A

The Ray of light that travels towards the point of reflection (light before reflection)

33
Q

What is the reflected Ray of a reflecting Ray

A

The Ray of light travelling away from the point of reflection (light after reflection)

34
Q

What is the angle of incidence of a reflecting Ray

A

The angle between the normal and the incident Ray

35
Q

What is the angle of reflection of a reflecting Ray

A

The angle between the normal and the reflected Ray

36
Q

What does the law of reflection state

A

That, on a flat surface, the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection

37
Q

What are the two main types of lens

A

+ converging (convex)

+ diverging (concave)

38
Q

What is a converging lens

A

One which is thickest in the middle and causes rays to come together and converge at the focal point

39
Q

What is a diverging lens

A

One which is thickest on the outside and causes the rays to divert away from each other.

40
Q

What is refraction

A

When a light Ray enters a medium of different density to the one it was previous travelling through.

E.g. air to glass

41
Q

What happens during refraction

A

Its angle of travel changes as one of the edges of the Ray hits the medium first causing it to accelerate or decelerate depending on the density of the new medium.

42
Q

What does the Ray do when travelling from a high —>low density

A

It bends away from the normal as the front edge accelerates

43
Q

What does the Ray do when travelling from a low —>high density

A

It bends towards the normal as the front edge decelerates.

44
Q

What is the angle of refraction

A

The angle between the refracted Ray and the normal

45
Q

What is total internal reflection

A

When a Ray enters a two sided material that it cannot penetrate, chai’s from it to repeatedly reflect and bounce off the sides. For this to occur the Ray must enter the material at an angle greater than 90 degrees (the critical angle).

46
Q

What is diffraction

A

When a wave bends around an obstacle or opening

47
Q

If a wave has a large wavelength will it have a large or small angle of diffraction

A

Large

48
Q

What occurs when a wave passes through a gap

A

It diffracts at both ends, creating a circular wave.

49
Q

What does the energy of a wave depend on

A

It’s amplitude

50
Q

During refraction, what always changes

A

The speed at which the Ray travels

51
Q

During refraction, what sometimes changes

A

The direction of the Ray, depending on the difference in densities

52
Q

What is the speed of any electromagnetic wave in air

A

3x10 to the 8 m/s

53
Q

What is short-sightedness

A

When a person is unable to see objects that are far away, due to the fact that their pupils, focus the light before it reaches the retina

54
Q

What is long-sightedness

A

When someone’s is unable to see close objects as their pupil does not focus the light before t reaches the retina

55
Q

What type of lens is required to combat short-sightedness

A

A concave lens

56
Q

What type of lens is required to combat long-sightedness

A

A convex lens

Physics (7 decks)

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