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Physics > Electricity Booklet > Flashcards

Electricity Booklet Flashcards

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1
Q

What is electricity

A

A form of energy that is supplied by an electrical source

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2
Q

What must occur for atoms to form ions

A

The atom must lose or gain electrons

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3
Q

What do like charges do

A

Repel

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4
Q

What do unlike charges do

A

Attract

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5
Q

What is the relationship between charged and uncharged objects

A

Charged objects attract uncharted objects

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6
Q

What are the two types of circuit

A

+series

+parallel

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7
Q

What is a series circuit

A

A circuit in which all the components are connected one after the other (in a series).

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8
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A

A circuit which has more than one interconnected branches, in which each branch is independant.

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9
Q

What is electrical current

A

The rate of flow of charge in a circuit

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10
Q

What is current measured with and what is its equation

A

I= Q/T

it is measured with an ammeter
Measured in amperes

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11
Q

What is potential difference (voltage)

A

The amount of energy given to each coulomb of charge in a circuit

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12
Q

What is potential difference measured in and with and what is its equation

A

V= E/Q

it is measured with a voltmeter
Measured in volts

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13
Q

What is resistance

A

The opposition to the flow of charge in a circuit

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14
Q

What is the component of resistance

A

A resistor

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15
Q

What factors affect the resistance of a resistor

A

+ material of resistor
+ surrounding temperature
+ thickness of resistor
+ length of resistor

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16
Q

What is resistance measured in

A

Ohms

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17
Q

What is ohms law

A

V= IR or R= V/I

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18
Q

In a series circuit: does current add together or remain constant

A

Remain constant

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19
Q

In a series circuit: does voltage add together or remain constant

A

Add together

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20
Q

In a series circuit: does resistance add together or remain constant

A

Add together

21
Q

In a parallel circuit: does current add together or remain constant

A

Add together

22
Q

In a parallel circuit: does voltage add together or remain constant

A

Remain constant

23
Q

In a parallel circuit: does resistance add together or remain constant

A

Different rule: 1/Rt= 1/R1 + 1/R2…

24
Q

In a parallel circuit which branch receives the highest share of current

A

The branch with the lowest resistance

25
Q

In a series circuit which component receives the highest share of voltage

A

The component with the highest share of voltage

26
Q

What is power

A

The measure of how much energy is transferred in a circuit per second

27
Q

What is power measured in and what is its equation

A

P= E/T

Watts

28
Q

Why can the formula of power change

A

As they value depends on the original values that are given

29
Q

What are the other equations of power

A

+ P= I(squared) x R (resistance and current given)
+ P= V(squared)/ R (resistance and voltage given)
+ P= IV (current and voltage given)

30
Q

What are the two types of current in circuit

A
  • alternating

- direct

31
Q

What is a direct current

A

One which always flows in one direction - represented by a line on one side of the oscilloscope.

32
Q

What is an alternating current

A

One which constantly flows in changing directions - represented by a line on both sides of the oscilloscope

33
Q

What is the mains voltage of the UK

A

230 V

34
Q

What is the mains frequency of the UK

A

50 Hz

35
Q

What is a potential divider

A

Two components (usually resistors) connected in series.

36
Q

How can you find the voltage of one of the resistors

A

V2= (r2/r1+r2) x Vs

37
Q

In a potential divider, what happens to the voltage

A

It is split between the two components, proportional to the size of the resistance of each component.

38
Q

What is the equation of the voltage being split in a potential divider

A

v1/v2 = r1/r2

39
Q

What is an LDR

A

A light dependant resistor

40
Q

What does an LDR do in light exposure increases

A

It’s resistance decreases

41
Q

What is a thermistor

A

A temperature dependant resistor

42
Q

What occurs as the temperature of a thermistor increases

A

The resistance decreases

43
Q

What is the role of a protection resistor

A

A resistor which placed next to fragile components to prevent them from overheating or becoming damaged

44
Q

What is the role of a fuse

A

To shut down the circuit if the current becomes too high or to prevent components from becoming damaged

45
Q

What is a transistor

A

An electronic switch which consists of more than one component

46
Q

What are the two types of transistor

A

+ NPN

+ MOSFET

47
Q

What must the voltage be for an NPN transistor to close its switch

A

0.7 V

48
Q

What must the voltage be for a MOSFET transistor to close its switch

A

2 V

49
Q

What is the rating of a fuse

A

The current

Physics (7 decks)

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