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Physics > Medical Physics > Flashcards

Medical Physics Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What is an atom

A

The smallest single piece of an element

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2
Q

What are the three sub-atomic particles within an atom

A

+ protons
+ neutrons
+ electrons

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3
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost electrons meaning it has become positively or negatively charged

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4
Q

What is an element

A

A substance which contains only one type of atom

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5
Q

What is an isotope

A

An element which has the same atomic number as another element, but a different mass number (different number of neutrons in the nucleus)

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6
Q

What is an unstable nucleus

A

One which has either too many or too few neutrons in its nucleus

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7
Q

What is the way to determine an atoms stability

A

Proton:neutron ratio

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8
Q

How do nuclei become stable

A

By emitting radiation, a process known as radioactive decay

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9
Q

What are the three types of radiation

A

+ alpha
+ beta
+ gamma

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10
Q

What is alpha radiation

A

A helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons

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11
Q

What is beta radiation

A

Fast moving electrons

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12
Q

What is gamma radiation

A

High frequency EM waves

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13
Q

What is the charge of:

A: alpha radiation
B: beta radiation
C: gamma radiation

A

A: 2+
B: 1-
C: negligible

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14
Q

What is the range in air of:

A: alpha radiation
B: beta radiation
C: gamma radiation

A

A: 5 cm
B: 10 m
C: almost infinite

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15
Q

What is… absorbed by:

A: alpha radiation
B: beta radiation
C: gamma radiation

A

A: a sheet of paper
B: 3-5 mm of lead
C: thick concrete

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16
Q

What are three ways to prevent exposure to radiation

A

1: limit the time expose to the radioactive source
2: shield yourself from the source
3: keep at a relatively far distance from the source

17
Q

What is ionisation

A

The gain or loss of electrons from a stable atom

18
Q

How does alpha radiation cause ionisation

A

The positively charged alpha particles attract the negative electrons away from their atoms

19
Q

How does beta radiation cause ionisation

A

The negatively charged beta particles repel the negative electrons, causing them to shoot away from their atoms

20
Q

How does gamma radiation cause ionisation

A

The gamma particles collide with the atoms with large amounts of energy, knocking the outer electrons away

21
Q

What are three ways of detecting radiation

A

+ a Geiger muller tube
+ a spark counter
+ a film badge which changes colour depending on the amount of radiation absorbed

22
Q

What is background radiation

A

The naturally occurring radiation already found on earth

23
Q

What are two examples of background radiation

A
  • food and drink

- gamma rays from granite

24
Q

What is the activity of a radioactive source

A

The number of nuclei that decay per second

25
Q

What is the equation of activity

A

A= N/T

N= number if decayed nuclei

26
Q

What is the half life of a radioactive source

A

The time taken for the activity of the source to half

27
Q

What are some long term effects of radiation exposure

A

Growth of cancerous cells

28
Q

What is absorbed dose

A

The energy absorbed per kilogram of absorbing material

29
Q

What is the unit and equation of absorbed dose

A

Grays (Gy)

D= E/M

30
Q

What is equivalent dose

A

The effect that radiation has on living tissue

31
Q

What does equivalent does take into account

A

The absorbed dose of the tissue and the effect of the certain type of radiation the tissue was exposed to (weighting factor)

32
Q

What is the unit and equation of equivalent dose

A

Sieverts (Sv)

H= Dwr

33
Q

What is the loudness of a sound measured in

A

Decibels

34
Q

What is the range of human hearing in decibels

A

20 - 20 000

35
Q

What is the average annual background radiation in the UK

A

2.2 mSv

36
Q

What is the annual public dose of radiation compared to a radiation worker

A 
Public = 1 mSv
Worker= 20 mSv
37
Q

What must you always record before measuring the abundance of a certain type of radiation

A

The existing background radiation of the area

Physics (7 decks)

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