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Oral pathology exam 1 > teeth abnormalities > Flashcards

teeth abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

____________ is defined as “Incomplete or defective enamel formation”

A

Enamel Hypoplasia

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2
Q

what are the 4 causes of Enamel Hypoplasia?

A
  • Turner hypoplasia
  • anti-neoplastic agents
  • fluorosis
  • syphilis
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3
Q

what is attrition? what is abrasion?

A

Attrition: “Physiological” wear due to tooth to tooth contact during occlusion

Abrasion: Tooth structure loss secondary to external agent; variety of patterns
(ex – toothbrush abrasion)

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4
Q

what is Erosion? what is Abfraction?

A

Erosion: Cupped-out depression of occlusal surfaces or cusp tips; associated with regurgitated gastric acid or dietary acid

Abfraction: Wedge-shaped defect limited to cervical area; bruxism associated

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5
Q

what are the treatments for attrition, abrasion, erosion, and abfraction?

A

1) Early diagnosis and intervention
2) Construction of mouth guards
3) Inform patients regarding tooth loss from acidic foods, reflux, etc.
4) Lost tooth structure- replaced with variety restorative procedures

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6
Q

what is internal resorption? what color do effected teeth appear?

A

internal resorption = Destruction of tooth structure accomplished by cells located in the dental pulp

* teeth may appear pink*

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7
Q

what is the treatment for internal resorption?

A

Endo therapy prior to perforation

once communication with PDL, poor prognosis

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8
Q

________________ is defined as: Destruction of tooth structure accomplished by cells located in the PDL

A

external resorption

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9
Q

what are some of the causes of external resorption?

A 
chronic inflammation
cysts
neoplasms
trauma
re-implantation of avulsed teeth
impactions
orthodontic forces
idiopathic.
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10
Q

“extrinsic” tooth stains are caused by a surface accumulation of _________________ which can typically be removed by prophylaxis

A

exogenous pigment

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11
Q

what causes INTRINSIC stains?

A

Endogenous material is incorporated into developing teeth

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12
Q

what are the 2 major causes of internal staining?

A

drugs (tetracycline)

blood pigments (Rh incompatibility)

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13
Q

Erythropoietic porphyria can cause what tooth abnormality?

A

intrinsic staining

  • teeth appear blood red
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14
Q

what is the most common dental DEVELOPMENTAL abnormality?

A

Hypodontia

uncommon in deciduous dentition

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15
Q

Hypodontia in deciduous dentition is stronly associated with what?

A

a missing succcessor (permanent) tooth

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16
Q

list the most commonly missing permanent teeth:

A

Third molars > second premolars > lateral incisors

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17
Q

what is Oligodontia?

A

lack of 6 or more teeth

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18
Q

Hyperdontia occurs in what % of the population?

A

Occurs in 1-3% of the population

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19
Q

is hyperdontia is more frequent in primary or secondary dentition?

A

more prevelant in permanent (secondary)

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20
Q

where is hyperdontia most common?

A

MAXILLARY ARCH (95%)

  • more common in the anterior
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21
Q

Mesiodens; distodens; paramolar are all examples of what condition?

A

Hyperdontia

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22
Q

why can hyperdontia be problematic? when should treatment (extractions) be considered?

A

May affect occlusion, hygiene; may be unesthetic

removal may be indicated to avoid complications related to normal eruption and occlusion

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23
Q

t/f: microdontia can effect the shape of teeth

A

true

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24
Q

what teeth are most commonly effected by microdontia?

A

maxillary laterals (peg) and third molars

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25
Q

t/f: macrodontia is more common than microdontia

A

FALSE

microdontia is more common, macro is rare

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26
Q

what is Gemination?

A

Partial division of single tooth bud; crown appears split

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27
Q

where is gemination typically seen?

A

anterior teeth

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28
Q

during fusion, teeth share _______ and _________, but have separate root canals

A

cementum and dentin

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29
Q

would gemination or fusion give you the same amount of teeth per arch?

A

gemination

fusion would give you one less

30
Q

how would you differentiate between fusion and gemination in a clinical setting?

A

count the teeth

if they’re missing a tooth- its fusion

31
Q

______________ is characterized by the fusion of two teeth by cementum alone

A

Concrescence

32
Q

where is Concrescence more commonly found?

A

posterior maxilla

33
Q

when does concrescence become clinically significant?

A

Clinically significant if one of the involved teeth must be extracted

34
Q

what is a talon cusp?

A
  • Rare condition that primarily affects the maxillary incisors
  • Basically an exaggerated cingulum
35
Q

why must treatment for talon cusps be gradual?

A

gradual removal to allow for secondary dentin formation

36
Q

____________ is the term given for when there is an extra cusp in central developmental groove

A

Dens Evaginatus

37
Q

which teeth are primarily effected by Dens Evaginatus?

A

Premolar teeth most commonly affected

mandibular predominance

38
Q

what happens to teeth with dens evaginatus?

A

Tooth often becomes non-vital, presumably due to attrition or trauma to cusp

39
Q

what is another name for “Dens Invaginatus”

A

dens in dente

40
Q

Dens invaginatus primarily effects which teeth?

A

maxillary laterals

41
Q

what is the most likely cause of Dens invaginatus (dens in dente)?

A

invagination of tooth bud during development

42
Q

what happens to most teeth with dens invaginatus?

A

Affected tooth often becomes non-vital shortly after eruption

43
Q

where are enamel pearls commonly found?

A

Furcations of maxillary or mandibular molars

44
Q

T/F: Enamel Pearls may have dentin and pulp horns

A

true

45
Q

what is the main concern with enamel pearls?

A

May be detected by probing, if mistaken for calculus, can lead to pulp exposure

46
Q

how is Taurodontism identified in a patient?

A

radiographs

47
Q

what is Taurodontism?

A

Enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of a multirooted tooth

48
Q

in teeth with Taurodontism, there is an apical displacement of _________ and __________

A

pulpal floor and furcation

49
Q

what causes Taurodontism?

A

Result of chromosomal alterations; associated with various syndromes

50
Q

T/F: Hypercementosis can begin in childhood, and progresses throughout adulthood

A

FALSE

only found in adults

51
Q

what condition has a strong association with Paget’s Disease of Bone

A

Hypercementosis

52
Q

what is hypercementosis?

A

Asymptomatic deposition of excessive cementum

53
Q

when/why should hypercemetosis be treated?

A

NO treatment necessary

only provides complications during extractions

54
Q

_________ is defined as a curvature/bend of tooth roots

A

dilaceration

55
Q

what is the etiology/cause of dilaceration?

A

trauma to developing tooth

56
Q

why would dilacerated teeth cause treatment problems?

A

Extraction or RCT may be difficult

57
Q

what is Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Group of uncommon genetic disorders affecting enamel of teeth

58
Q

why is Amelogenesis Imperfecta clinically important? What causes it?

A

Weak enamel is easily lost

Varied patterns of inheritance

59
Q

T/F: Amelogenesis Imperfecta is only seen in adult dentition

A

False

seen in both primary and secondary

60
Q

name the 3 divisions of Amelogensis Imperfecta

A

Hypoplastic

Hypomaturation

Hypocalcified

61
Q

what are the clinical, and radiographic, signs of Amalogenesis imperfecta?

A

Clinical: rough, smooth, pitted, pigmented, or “snow-capped”

Radiographic: thin enamel of normal or decreased density; normal root and pulp morphology

62
Q

_____________ is a dental abnormality with an Autosomal Dominant inheritance pattern

A

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

63
Q

what is the clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

Teeth appear translucent; “Opalescent teeth”

Enamel is normal, but poorly supported; rapid attrition of dentition is often seen

64
Q

what are the radiographic findings for dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

Bulbous crowns and obliteration of pulps

65
Q

the findings of dentinogenesis imperfecta are similar to what other condition?

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

66
Q

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is due to mutation of the ________ gene

A

DSPP

67
Q

the mutation of the DSPP gene causes a malformation of what protein?

A

“dentin sialophosphoprotein”

  • one of the major non-collagenous proteins of dentin
68
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of Dentin Dysplasia? how many types are there?

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance

2 types

69
Q

what is type 1 dentin dysplasia?

A

Radicular Dentin Dysplasia

Radicular roots are very short “rootless teeth”, obliteration of pulp (crescent-shaped remnant in crown), periapical radiolucencies

70
Q

what is type 2 dentin dysplasia?

A

Type II: Coronal Dentin Dysplasia

Enlarged pulps with “thistle tube” appearance, pulp stones

Oral pathology exam 1 (5 decks)

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