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Oral pathology exam 1 > Developmental Disorders > Flashcards

Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Commisural Lip pits occur in what % of the adult population?

A

Occur in 12-20% of adults

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of Commisural lip pits?

A

Unilateral or bilateral

1 to 4 mm in depth

Asymptomatic and innocuous

No treatment is generally necessary

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3
Q

what is a “double lip”?

A

Rare anomaly

Redundant fold of tissue on the mucosal side of the lip

Usually unnoticeable when lips at rest, but becomes visible when patient smiles

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4
Q

How do patients develop double lips? why would a dentist treat these lesions?

A
  • Congenital vs. acquired origins

- Tx: excise for aesthetic purposes

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5
Q

_______________ are Ectopic (normal structure, wrong location) SEBACEOUS glands that occur on the oral mucosa

A

Fordyce Granules

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6
Q

T/F: Double lips and Fordyce Granules are statistically rare lesions

A

FALSE

over 80% of population has Fordyce Granules

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7
Q

name the clinical characteristics of Fordyce Granules:

A
  • Multiple small yellow or whitish-yellow papules, often clustered together
  • Most common locations: Buccal mucosa, upper lip vermilion
  • Seen more frequently in adults than children
  • NO treatment necessary
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8
Q

what is a “Leukoedema”? where are they most commonly found?

A

A) Diffuse grayish or milky white appearance to oral mucosa, with surface folds or wrinkles

B) BUCCAL mucosa most common, often BILATERAL

C) more common in smokers, dark skinned people

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9
Q

Describe the histology of Leukoedemas

A

fluid accumulation within the epithelial cells of the SPINOUS layer

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10
Q

how can a suspected Leukoedema be clinically confirmed?

A

whitish appearance disappears when the mucosa is stretched/distended

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11
Q

Describe MICROglossia:

characteristics, treatment, et cetera

A

Abnormally small tongue

relatively rare condition

May be a component of any one of several syndromes

Orthodontic care to manage collapsed dental arches

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12
Q

what conditions can cause MACROglossia?

A

Congenital or acquired

  • Down syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, vascular malformations, lymphangioma, amyloidosis, hypothyroidism
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13
Q

list the characteristics of Ankyloglossia:

A

Also known as “Tongue-tie”

Abbreviated or absent lingual frenum

2 to 4% of neonates

Speech problems are probably exaggerated

Frenectomy may be necessary if mucogingival stress is evident

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14
Q

_______________ is a rare developmental problem due to failure of migration of thyroid anlage

what group is at greatest risk for this condition?

A

Lingual Thyroid

WAY MORE common in FEMALES

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15
Q

in patients with lingual thyroids, there will be a mass in what location?

A

foramen cecum area

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16
Q

how can a lingual thyroid be diagnosed?

A

Diagnosis can be made by radioactive iodine scan

Biopsy may not be necessary

Evaluate for thyroid tissue in neck

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17
Q

why is the excision of a lingual thyroid more necessary in MALES?

A

risk for malignancy

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18
Q

Fissured Tongues are almost exclusively found in what population group?

A

Adults

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19
Q

what causes “coated tongue” (hairy tongue)?

how is it treated?

A

Elongation of the filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue (accumulation of keratin)

treated with use of tongue scraper

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20
Q

T/F: coated tongue is associated with smoking

A

true

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21
Q

in a patient with hairy/coated tongue, what can cause the papillae to become discolored?

A

Pigment-producing bacteria

Staining from tobacco

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22
Q

what are the characteristics of a “Varix”?

A

Abnormally dilated and tortuous veins (think varicose veins)

Often seen in older adults

Thought to be secondary to age-related degeneration or laxity in elastic support of vessel walls

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23
Q

where are Varix mostly found?

A

ventral and lateral tongue, buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, lip vermilion

SUBLINGUAL = most common site

24
Q

how is a Diascopy test performed?

A

performed by applying pressure and observing color changes (vascular lesions will “blanch”)

25
Q

why would you treat a Varix?

A

may undergo surgical excision to confirm diagnosis (due to thrombus formation) or for aesthetic purposes

26
Q

A ___________ is the most common vascular abnormality

A

Caliber

Persistent Artery

27
Q

Calibers are found almost exclusively in what are of the mouth?

A

lip mucosa

more common on upper lip

28
Q

clinical features of a Caliber include:

A

Linear, arcuate, or papular lesion (“seagull in flight”)

Normal to bluish in color

Pulsation

No treatment necessary

29
Q

what are Exostoses? name some common forms of these

A
  • Benign bony protruberances
  • Asymptomatic, unless secondarily traumatized
  • examples: – buccal exostoses, torus palatinus, torus mandibularis
30
Q

exostoses arise from what structure during development?

A

cortical plate

31
Q

what are the main clinical concerns of a torus palatinus?

A

denture fabrication and traumatic ulcers (mucosa stretched thin and easy to ulcerate)

32
Q

T/F: most mandibular tori (torus mandibularis) are bilateral in presentation

A

true

33
Q

what type of tori are especially problematic when trying to take radiographs?

A

mandibular tori

34
Q

list the characteristics of a “Stafne Defect”

A

A) AKA “Stafne cyst” and “lingual mandibular salivary gland defect”

B) Asymptomatic, discovered on routine panoramic radiograph

C) more prevalent in Adult males

35
Q

what is the appearance of a Stafne defect in a radiograph?

A
  • well-demarcated radiolucency
  • below the mandibular canal

(radiolucency on border of posterior mandible)

36
Q

what are the characteristics of Nasolabial Cysts?

A
  • rare
  • Upper lip, lateral to midline; along nasolabial groove
  • The ala of the nose may be elevated
  • 3:1 female-to-male ratio; 10% bilateral
37
Q

why are nasiolabial cysts usually biopsied and removed?

A

risk for metaplasia

38
Q

what type of epithelium typically lines a nasolabial cyst?

A

USUALLY pseudostratified columnar epithelial lining

39
Q

_____________ are the most common non-odontogenic developmental cyst of the jaws

A

Incisive Canal Cyst

40
Q

Incisive canal cysts develop from epithelial remnants of the _______________.

where do these cysts usually occur?

A

nasopalatine duct

Occurs at the apices of (usually vital) maxillary central incisors

41
Q

what “classic” shape do most incisive canal cysts look like on radiographs?

A

“inverted pear” or “heart shaped” lesion

due to resistance from adj tooth roods and nasal spine

42
Q

what is the presentation/cause of a cyst of the incisive papilla?

A
  • its a type of incisive canal cyst
  • the cyst may develop entirely within soft tissue with no bony involvement
  • presents as swelling of the papilla
43
Q

Epidermoid Cyst/Milia are caused by what? where are they usually found?

A
  • characterized by production of orthokeratin by a cystic lining that resembles the epidermis
  • Usually affect the skin: face or back
44
Q

what is a “Milia”?

A

1) simply, very small epidermoid cysts
2) Often occur in clusters/multiple; periorbital location
3) Resolve spontaneously by self-marsupialization

45
Q

list the characteristics of “Dermoid Cysts”

A

1) Uncommon; lined by epidermis-like epithelium
2) cyst wall contains ADNEXAL elements
3) Benign cystic form of TERATOMA

46
Q

where are dermoid cysts usually found?

A

floor of mouth, usually midline

  • Above geniohyoid-hard to swallow
  • Below geniohyoid-looks like double chin
47
Q

list the characteristics of Thyroglossal duct cycts

A

1) Rare; midline of the neck
2) arises from remnants of thyroglossal tract
3) 50% develop BEFORE 20 years of age
4) 2-10cm (most less than 3cm)

48
Q

the “Sistrunk procedure” is used to treat what condition?

A

Thyroglossal duct cysts

  • surgery removes cyst, plus part of hyoid bone
  • prevents recurrence of cyst
49
Q

________________ are a cervical variant of lymphoepithelial cyst

A

Branchial Cleft Cysts

50
Q

what are the clinical signs of brachial cleft cysts?

A

Fluctuant swelling of lateral neck

Usually anterior to the sternocleidomastoid

Most are on left side

51
Q

what type of cyst arises from epithelial rests trapped in oral lymphoid tissue?

A

Oral Lymphoepithelial Cyst

52
Q

where are Oral lymphoepithelial cysts usually found?

A
  • Waldeyer’s ring or accessory lymphoid aggregates

- floor of mouth (50%), ventro-lateral tongue, tonsillar pillar

53
Q

what are the clinical features of oral lymphoepithelial cysts?

A

Soft to firm, white-yellow nodule

Usually

54
Q

if the incisive canal is larger than ______mm, it is assumed to be an incisive canal cyst

A

larger than 6mm

55
Q

what are the histological characteristics of brachial cleft cysts?

A

form of lymphoepithelial cyst

  • lymphoid tissue in wall
  • lined by pseudostratified epithelium

Oral pathology exam 1 (5 decks)

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