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Anatomy #3- Head, Neck, Teeth > Teeth 1 > Flashcards

Teeth 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of teeth

A

-intake, cutting and chewing food
-grooming
-aggression
-holding objects

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2
Q

Loss of teeth

A

-main reason for starvation and dying of old animals in the wild

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3
Q

Dentistry practice and history

A

-vet dentistry practice has grown in recent decades (more than 15% of small animal practice)
-interest in horse teeth has a longer history than in small animals
-preventative tooth care is becoming more common

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4
Q

Word derivative of Teeth

A

Dens (latin) or odous (Greek)

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5
Q

Crown

A

-part encased in enamel

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6
Q

Enamel

A

-very resilient, shiny, white
- densely calcified
- 96% inorganic
-hardest substance in body
-acellular so limited reparability

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7
Q

Root

A

-part encased in cement

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8
Q

Cement

A

-softer, less shiny, yellowish
- similar in hardest to bone
-50% inorganic
-covers tooth root
-thickness increases with age
-resistant to pressure erosion
- root apex is weakest part

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9
Q

Neck

A

-where crown and root meet
-ideally covered by gums

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10
Q

Clinical crown

A

Exposed part regardless of its structure

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11
Q

Anatomical crown

A
  • Enamel-covered part regardless of its location
  • Includes clinical crown and reserve crown
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12
Q

Reserve crown

A

-in herbivores
-enamel covered part which continues to erupt, as exposed part wears down

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13
Q

Dentin

A
  • Ivory
  • Calcified
  • 70% inorganic
  • 2nd hardest material in body
  • Rich in collagen
  • Forms bulk of tooth
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14
Q

What makes dentin?

A

Made by odontoblasts that line the pulp cavity
- Lay down secondary dentin, after damage they lay down darker tertiary dentin

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15
Q

Cement root apex

A
  • Weakest part
  • Reason for loss of baby teeth because pressure of adult tooth from below breaks connection at apex
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16
Q

Pulp

A

-loose connective tissue
- blood vessels
- nerves

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17
Q

Dental (pulp) cavity

A

Space within a tooth containing pulp

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18
Q

Apical foramina

A

-apical opening of dental cavity and the passage of vessels, nerves, lymph
-usually multiple in animals (but single in humans)

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19
Q

Tooth socket

A

-alveolus
-where tooth implanted in margin of jaw/alveolar process

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20
Q

Lamina dura

A

-a lamina of compact bone lining tooth socket
-perforated (cribriform) for vessels, nerves
-seen as a white line in X-rays

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21
Q

Periodontal ligament (PDL)

A

-also called sharpeys fibers
-tough fibro-collagen fibers
-suspend tooth

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22
Q

Types of periodontal ligament (PDL)

A

1.gingival PDL fibers
2.trans-septal PDL fibers
3.Alveolodental PDL fibers

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23
Q

Gingival PDL fibers

A

-anchor cement to gum

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24
Q

Trans-septal PDL fibers

A

-attach neighbouring teeth

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25
Q

Alveolodental PDL fibers

A

-fasten tooth to the socket

26
Q

Gingiva

A

-gums
-keratinized
-tough
-collagen
-rich
-protective

27
Q

Interdental gingiva/papilla

A

-gingiva peak between adjacent teeth

28
Q

Free gingiva

A

-forms gingiva margin
-surrounds part of the crown

29
Q

Attached gingiva

A

-tightly adherent to subgingival connective tissue and bone

30
Q

Mucogingival junction (MGJ)

A

-junction between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa

31
Q

Gingival sulcus

A

-between tooth and free gingival margin
-crevice that surrounds tooth
-rich in immunity elements

32
Q

Gingival sulcus depth for cats vs dogs

A

-Cats: 0.5-1mm
- Dogs: 1-3mm

33
Q

Junctional epithelium (JE)

A

-at bottom of sulcus
- protects PDL

34
Q

Cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)

A

-junction between anatomical crown and root

35
Q

Heterodonty

A
  • In mammals
  • Teeth in different parts of mouth have different form and function
    o Incisors
    o Canines
    o Premolars
    o Molars
36
Q

Incisors function

A

-cutting food, nibbling, grooming
- max 3 on each side of jaw

37
Q

Canine function

A

-aggression and holding
-cradle of tongue in dogs
-well developed in carnivores
- n=1 on each side of jaw

38
Q

Premolars function

A

-holding, carrying and breaking food
- n=max 4 on each side of jaw

39
Q

Molars function

A

-crushing, grinding food
- flat occlusal tables
-n=max 3 on each side of the jaw
-absent in milk set of teeth

40
Q

Cheek teeth

A

-includes both premolars and molars
-better developed in herbivores

41
Q

Diphyodonty

A

-teeth in mammals grow in 2 successions (unlike in most other vertebrates)
- deciduous teeth and then permanent teeth

42
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

-also called milk, primary, temporary teeth
-smaller, sharper, weaker, replaced later
-lack molar teeth

43
Q

Permanent teeth

A

-also called adult or secondary teeth
-darker, larger

44
Q

Dental formula

A
  • dentition

-standard number, type, and arrangement of teeth which is set in each mammal species
>written for one side of upper and lower jaw
>written as a fraction or in separate rows
>lower case for milk teeth; upper case for adult teeth
> order is always the same, letters can be skipped
> superscript number for upper teeth; subscript number for lower teeth

45
Q

Dental formula in dog

A

-deciduous: i3-c1-p3/i3-c1-p3 =TOTAL 28
-permanent: I3-C1-P4-M2/I3-C1-P4-M3 = TOTAL 42

46
Q

Modified triadan system

A

-standard method of numbering teeth in vet dentistry
-mouth divided into 4 quadrants
-each tooth given a unique 3 digit number based on quadrant and location starting from midline
>first digit denotes its general location in jaw
>second digit denotes its location from midline

47
Q

Modified triadan system quadrants

A

-from upper right to upper left to lower left and then lower right
-quadrants 1-4= permanent teeth
-quadrants 5-8= deciduous teeth

48
Q

Modified triadan system and missing teeth

A

If a tooth is missing, skip its number
-if premolar, numbers lost from front
- if molar, numbers lost from back

49
Q

Dental directional

A
  • Teeth follow a curved line of arcade
50
Q

Surface terms

A

-vestibular or facial surface (includes labial and buccal surfaces)
-lingual (usually lower jaw) or palatine (usually upper jaw)
- contact surfaces (mesial-closer to front or distal-farther to back of mouth)
-occlusal=masticatory surface- chewing surface of teeth

51
Q

Dentition in dog upper jaw

A

-Upper jaw: 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars, 2 molars
-wider and pear shaped
- missing a upper molar

52
Q

Dentition in dog lower jaw

A

-Lower jaw: 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars, 3 molars
-narrower and triangular

53
Q

Overlap of teeth/jaws in dog

A

Little overlap between upper and lower jaws except for molars so dental cavities (tooth decay) is less common (~7%) but when present usually at occlusal of molars

54
Q

Structure of dog incisors

A

-Upper incisors=trifid
-lower incisors=bifid

55
Q

Canine tooth of dog

A
  • Very large root
  • Difficult to extract without surgery
56
Q

Dog premolars

A

-irregular
-increase in size to back and when jaw is closed they form a serrated cutting edge

57
Q

Sectorial or carnassial teeth

A

-P^4 and M1 act like scissors

58
Q

Dog molars

A

-molars are broader, decrease in size to back and can cut and crush

59
Q

Masticatory force of dog

A

30,000-80,000 psi

60
Q

Tooth roots in dog

A

-root number important for extractions
-multiple roots diverge and so during extractions need to cut teeth per root number

61
Q

Permanent tooth roots of dog

A

-All incisors and canine have 1 root
-Upper premolars and molars (P1 has 1 root, P2 and P3 has 2 roots, P4 and M1 and M2 have 3 roots)
- lower premolars and molars (P1 and M3 have 1 root, P2-M2 have 2 roots)

62
Q

3 roots

A

Means 2 are vestibular (outer) and 1 lingual (inner)

Anatomy #3- Head, Neck, Teeth (8 decks)

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