Tectonics Part 3 Flashcards
What are factors mitigating risk?
Warning and emergency response systems
Economic wealth
Insurance
Hazard engineering
How can governance affect vulnerability?
Meeting basic needs:good food water and health the population is more physically able to cope
Planning
Land use planning can prevent habituation of high risk areas(liquefaction)
Environmental management
Landslides can be made worse by deforestation, monitoring equipment can warn of lahar a
Preparedness
Education and community preparedness classes raise awareness and allow people to know how to act
Corruption
Money can go “missing” when it is supposed to be used to prepare for hazards in a corrupt government of bribes can allow illegal or unsafe buildings to be made
Open-ness
Governments which are less open struggle to get good relief
How countries such as Japan prepared
Advanced widespread insurance
Government run preparation Japan’s disaster prevention day and public education
Sophisticated monitoring of volcanoes
Regulated local planning systems like land use zoning
Give examples of hydro met hazards and what is their trend
Floods, storms, cyclones and droughts have become more common over time possibly due to global warming and human environmental management issues like deforestation.
Give me 3 trends for all disasters?
Deaths have fallen over time because of better response management and prediction(especially since 2000 due to improved mobile communications)
The number of reported disasters increased then stabilised as improvements in data coverage and the accuracy of databases increased
The number of people affected by disasters continues to rise as populations grow and more people live in risky locations
Can earthquakes be predicted?
No only areas at high risk can be identified, seismic gaps can help guess, but nobody can tell when they are going to happen
Can volcanic eruptions be predicted?
Yes sophisticated monitoring systems measure changes as magma chambers fill which means eruption is near
Tilt meters and strain meters record volcanoes bulging and record minor earthquakes which indicate magma movement
Gas spectrometers analyse gas emissions
Can tsunamis be predicted?
Partly an earthquake induced tsunamis cannot be predicted but they can detect when an earns hake has occurred locate it and can then detect the tsunami in open sea using a seismometer
What is response in the hazard management cycle?
Immediate help such as rescue to save lives and aid to keep people alive, emergency shelter, food and water
What does recovery involve in the hazard management cycle?
Rebuilding infrastructure and services; rehabilitating injured people and their lives
What is mitigation in the hazard management cycle?
Acting to reduce the scale of the next disaster(land-use zoning, hazard resistant buildings and infrastructure)
What does preparedness involve in the hazard management cycle?
Community education and resilience building, how to act during and after a disaster
What does the recovery stage depend on?
Magnitude of the disaster
Development level
Governance
External help
What ways can u modify the event?
Land use zoning
Aseismic buildings
Tsunami defences(sea walls or breakwaters)
Lava diversion(channels barriers and water cooling)
What ways can u modify vulnerability?
High tech scientific monitoring
Community preparedness and education
Adaption:moving out of harms way re locating to a safe area
