Diverse Places Flashcards
What is the pattern of population change in the UK from 1981-2011?
No growth in the north, some growth in the middle and strong growth in the South, this reflects the economic prosperity of the service sector economy of the South compared to the De Industrialised North.
What other areas have experienced population change?
Remote rural areas have experienced population decline, as some inner cities
Suburban, rural-urban fringe and accessible rural areas have seen population growth
What are the factors which explain population differences?
Urban areas are accessible by transport so have high populations, whereas rural areas have less access so lower populations
Access matters for working age people, by less so for the over-65s so retired people often live in rural areas which are more peaceful but have fewer services
Remote rural areas are often mountainous so access is even harder, they have limited transport connections and long Journey times so low population densities
What is clustering and why does it happen?
Clustering is a form of segregation, people with similar characteristics are found clustered in one place.
It happens due to
Wealthier people tending to live in more expensive areas
The type of jobs the group do
Low income ethnic groups can be concentrated in areas with a large amount of council housing
What are the internal explanations of ethnic clustering?
New immigrants tend to live close to existing people from the same ethnic group because they share a common language and experiences
Ethnically specific services such as shops worship schools
Safety in numbers and stronger community ties if people live close together
What are the external reasons for ethnic clustering?
Estate agents or council housing officers may help concentrate groups in particular areas
An existing population may leave an area if a new ethnic group begins to move in making more housing available
Prejudice in the jobs market prevents some ethnic groups gaining high enough incomes to live in some areas
What were the previous perceptions of cities like and why?
Cities were seen as dangerous and threatening by the middle class due to:
Pollution from factories
Poverty(working class lived in inner city slum housing with minimal sewerage and sanitation)
Congestion
High levels of Crime and prostitution
How did the wealthy Victorian middle class react to this perception?
Moving out to the suburbs
Planning entirely new model cities
What type of people like inner city areas?
Recently arrived immigrants(job opportunities, cheaper housing and already established ethnic communities)
Students(close to uni, entertainment and lack cars)
Young professional workers(close to work and entertainment)
What kind of people like suburban areas?
Young families(safe and good schools, still connected well)
Older people and retired people(crime is low more peaceful and they don’t need require the services)
What is the rural paradox?
The idea that some of the most desirable places to live in the countryside are also some of the least well served places in terms of services like healthcare, transport and shops.
What are the disadvantages of living in rural areas?
Energy:most homes aren’t connected to gas pipe lines so have expensive oil fires boilers and central heating
Services: post offices shops petrol station and banks are often limited and more expensive, schools and hospitals can be far
Housing: houses can be old with high maintenance and heating costs
Transport: infrequent and expensive
Population:ageing population means limited social opportunities
Tourism: popular places can be swamped by summer tourists but drafted in winter, services often close during these months
What does growth or decline in population depend on?
Birth vs deaths
Net internal migration
Net international migration
What social challenges does large scale migration create?
Housing shortages and prices rises(the amount of housing available is limited
Challenges of delivering education and healthcare due to language barriers and limited service supply
Cultural challenges in traditional rural areas which rarely experience ‘outsiders’
How can towns and cities be altered with characteristics and culture of dominant ethnic groups
Places of worship
Shops selling things for specific culture(ingredients or dress)
Community centres and sports and leisure facilities to suit different ethnic groups
