Tectonics Part 3

Question 1

What are factors mitigating risk?

Answer 1

Warning and emergency response systems

Economic wealth

Insurance

Hazard engineering

Question 2

How can governance affect vulnerability?

Answer 2

Meeting basic needs:good food water and health the population is more physically able to cope

Planning
Land use planning can prevent habituation of high risk areas(liquefaction)

Environmental management
Landslides can be made worse by deforestation, monitoring equipment can warn of lahar a

Preparedness
Education and community preparedness classes raise awareness and allow people to know how to act

Corruption
Money can go “missing” when it is supposed to be used to prepare for hazards in a corrupt government of bribes can allow illegal or unsafe buildings to be made

Open-ness
Governments which are less open struggle to get good relief

Question 3

How countries such as Japan prepared

Answer 3

Advanced widespread insurance

Government run preparation Japan’s disaster prevention day and public education

Sophisticated monitoring of volcanoes

Regulated local planning systems like land use zoning

Question 4

Give examples of hydro met hazards and what is their trend

Answer 4

Floods, storms, cyclones and droughts have become more common over time possibly due to global warming and human environmental management issues like deforestation.

Question 5

Give me 3 trends for all disasters?

Answer 5

Deaths have fallen over time because of better response management and prediction(especially since 2000 due to improved mobile communications)

The number of reported disasters increased then stabilised as improvements in data coverage and the accuracy of databases increased

The number of people affected by disasters continues to rise as populations grow and more people live in risky locations

Question 6

Can earthquakes be predicted?

Answer 6

No only areas at high risk can be identified, seismic gaps can help guess, but nobody can tell when they are going to happen

Question 7

Can volcanic eruptions be predicted?

Answer 7

Yes sophisticated monitoring systems measure changes as magma chambers fill which means eruption is near

Tilt meters and strain meters record volcanoes bulging and record minor earthquakes which indicate magma movement

Gas spectrometers analyse gas emissions

Question 8

Can tsunamis be predicted?

Answer 8

Partly an earthquake induced tsunamis cannot be predicted but they can detect when an earns hake has occurred locate it and can then detect the tsunami in open sea using a seismometer