Tectonics - EQ2 Flashcards

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1
Q

For a disaster to be entered into the database of the UN’s InternationalStrategy for Disaster Reduction, at least one specific criteria must be met. Do you know any?

A

Any of the following:
- A report of 10 or more people killed
- A report of 100 people affected
- A declaration of a state of emergency by the relevant government
- A request by the national government for international assistance

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2
Q

What is the definition of ‘Risk’?

A

The probability of a hazard event occurring and creating loss of life.

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3
Q

What is the definition of ‘Vulnerability’?

A

A high risk combined with an inability of individuals and communities to cope.

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4
Q

What is the definition of ‘Capacity to Cope’?

A

The ability of affected communities to cope with a given hazard.

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5
Q

The Hazard Risk Formula/Equation measures the level of risk in an area. What components do you think make up this?

A
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6
Q

When - if any, could you be confident there would be ‘no disaster’?

A

When Human activity and physical processes DO NOT interact, so there is no disaster
(e.g. a volcanic eruption on a remote unpopulated island)

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7
Q

What characteristics can influence tectonic hazards?

A
  • Magnitude
  • Speed
  • Duration
  • Frequency
  • Areal extent (The area over which damage occurs or a hazard is felt)
  • Spatial predictability (The extent to which the location of a hazard can be known in advance; this is generally easy for a volcano but less so along fault lines/earthquakes)
  • (Not an exhaustive list)
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8
Q

What makes an individual or community more vulnerable?

A
  • Wealth
  • Location
  • Access to services
  • Infrastructure
  • Emergency services/response
    Age/gender/ethnicity
  • Urbanisation
  • (Not an exhaustive list)
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9
Q

What does the Deggs Model show?

A

A natural disaster only occurs if a vulnerable population is exposed to a hazard.

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10
Q

What should you NOT do with Case Studies in Exam answers?

A

Just writing long, monologues of case studies - the points must be linked to the question.

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11
Q

What is the structure of a 12 mark paragraph?

A

P - point
E - Explain
E - Example
L - Link (back to the question - at the end of each paragraph)

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12
Q

Why do people remain exposed to hazard risks?

A

There are multiple reasons, but some main reasons include:
- Changing risks
- Lack of alternatives
- Cost–benefit analysis
- Risk perception
These reasons also mean vulnerable populations cannot just move away (including ‘Russian Roulette’ - (turn a blind eye, are confronted with statistics which make chances look better).

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13
Q

What does AO1 include?

A

Knowledge and understanding.

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14
Q

What does AO2 include?

A

Requires you to apply your knowledge to make judgements and comment on significance of different factors.

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15
Q

What does AO3 include?

A

Requires you to use Geographical Skills to interpret information (e.g. calculations, graphs, charts and maps)

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16
Q

What is the definition of ‘resilience’? (in tectonics terms)

A

The ability of a community to rehabilitate and reconstruct after a disaster to return to high quality living standards.

17
Q

What is meant by root causes (in PAR Model)?

A

The fundamental reasons (such as wealth distribution and political stability, e.g. poor governance in Haiti and communities in poverty).

18
Q

What does ‘PAR’ model stand for?

A

The Pressure and Release Model

19
Q

Can you draw the PAR model - or know what it must include?

A
20
Q

What is meant by Dynamic Pressures (in PAR Model)?

A

Root causes can lead to dynamic pressures (e.g. lack of building regulations).

21
Q

What is meant by Unsafe Conditions (in the PAR Model)?

A

The result of the root causes and dynamic pressures (e.g. unsafe buildings in Port-au-Prince).

22
Q

What are the benefits of using hazard profiles to compare natural disasters?

A