tectonics eq2 (1) Flashcards
natural hazard
naturally occurring process or event that has the potential to affect people
natural disaster
a major natural hazard event that causes significant, economic and environmental damage
mega-disaster
a natural disaster that reaches catastrophic proportions
vulnerability
the ability to aniticipate, cope with, resist and recover from a natural hazard
think numbers
requirements for a disaster
- 10 or more killed
- 100 poeple affected
- declaration of a state emergency by the relevant government
- request by the national government for international assistance
think numbers
requirements for a mega-disaster
- 2000+ deaths
- 200000+ homeless
- gdp of country reduces by 5%
- dependance from international aid a year or more after the event
The risk equation
Risk (R) = Hazard (H) times by Vulnerability to the hazard (V) divided by capacity to cope/ recover (C)
pressure and release model
root causes → dynamic pressures → unsafe conditions → disaster
describe Degg’s model of defining disasters
venn diagram with ‘hazardous physical event’ in one circle and ‘vulnerable population’ in the other with ‘disaster’ in the middle
How do we measure tectonic events?
Magnitude→ energy released
- richter scale
- moment magnitude scale MMS
- volcanic explosivity index VEI
Intensity → amount of damage caused
- mercialli intensity scale
- tsunami intensity scale
Reasons swiss cheese model of disaster
When holes is the layers line up, losses or disasters occur
the more layers of protection, the less chance of losses or disaters
eg preparation drills, warning alert, earthquake proof buildings, well trained emergency services
governance
ways that individuals and institutions (public and private) manage their affairs. Arrangements and procedures may be formal or informal, local scale, regional scale or national scale
economic governance
decision making that effects the economy
political governance
policy making, disaster reduction
administrative governance
land use planning etc
