Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

Plate margin

Answer 1

the line between two or more different tectonic plates

Question 2

Earthquake

Answer 2

the earth shaking due to seismic waves travelling through from an epicentre

Question 3

Volcano

Answer 3

a mountain that has magma inside that could erupt

Question 4

Shield volcano

Answer 4

a volcano that is much flatter than usual and usually has runnier lava. they are formed at constructive plate boundaries

Question 5

Composite volcano

Answer 5

formed through subduction at a destructive plate margin, usually between oceanic and continental plates has thick lava and is steep

Question 6

Tectonic plates

Answer 6

segments of the earth’s crust that slid around on top of the mantle

Question 7

Core

Answer 7

the centre of the earth, split into the inner which is made from solid nickel and iron and the outer which is a liquid

Question 8

Crust

Answer 8

the very tip of the earth, made from oceanic and continental plates

Question 9

Mantle

Answer 9

thickest layer of the earth made from magma that is constantly moving, has a similar consistency to treacle

Question 10

Convection current

Answer 10

the circular motion which is created when hot fluids rise then cool as they move along and then drop

Question 11

Oceanic crust

Answer 11

thinner but heavier (more dense) than continental crust, 6-8km thick and made from basalt

Question 12

Continental crust

Answer 12

thicker but lighter (less dense) than oceanic crust 30-50 km thick and made from granite

Question 13

Hot spot

Answer 13

volcanic regions that are fed by underlying mantle which is hotter than the surroundings

Question 14

Conservative margin

Answer 14

plates slide past each other and lock, the pressure builds up and suddenly they snap loose, shockwaves cause earthquakes on the surface

Question 15

Constructive (transform) margin

Answer 15

two plates move apart, as this happens magma rises to fill the gap which causes volcanoes. on each side the crust has big cracks called faults where the magma can escape so the volcanoes are less powerful (shield)

Question 16

Destructive margin (oceanic-continental)

Answer 16

an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate which forces the oceanic plate to be pushed under and melts, which releases energy sometimes creates earthquakes from the friction, volcanoes or fold mountains are formed

Question 17

Collision/destructive margin (continental-continental)

Answer 17

they have the same density so are forced upwards very powerful and destructive earthquakes that can trigger landslides and fold mountains are created

Question 18

Subduction

Answer 18

when the denser oceanic plate is pushed under the continental plate and melts into the mantle

Question 19

primary effect

Answer 19

the impact that it has in the following few days initially

Question 20

secondary effect

Answer 20

the more long term impacts that often last much longer

Question 21

immediate response

Answer 21

the help that is given straight after an event has happened

Question 22

long term response

Answer 22

systems that are put into place because of the event or things that continue to happen well after the incident has happened

Question 23

monitering

Answer 23

watching the volcanoes or data collecting to know what is happening so that you can prepare for an event

Question 24

prediction

Answer 24

using the data to estimate when an event might happen so people can be evacuated

Question 25

protection

Answer 25

systems that are put in place to prevent damage

Question 26

planning

Answer 26

preparing for things to happen and organising what to do

Question 27

aid

Answer 27

help given by other people or organisations around a disaster