tectonic hazards

Question 1

What are the 4 layers of the Earth?

Answer 1

• Crust: made from rocks and soil, 25 miles thick, -50 degrees - 50 degrees celsius
• Mantle: made from hard, hot, solid rock on top, and soft, melting rock underneath, 1800 miles thick, 500 - 900 degrees celsius
• Outer core: made from liquid iron and nickel, 3000 miles thick, 4700 degrees celsius
• Inner core: made from iron and nickel, 900 miles thick, 5430 degrees celsius

Question 2

What are the 2 types of crust on the Earth

Answer 2

Continental crust (made of granite, lighter) and oceanic crust (5-20 km thick, made of basalt, heavier)

Question 3

What was the original continent formed and what was is called?

Answer 3

Pangea, 220 million years ago

Question 4

What is a continent?

Answer 4

One of the 7 large land masses on Earth

Question 5

What is continental drift?

Answer 5

The movement, collision and division of the continents

Question 6

What is a sedimentary rock?

Answer 6

A rock made from layers of sediment and dead creatures

Question 7

What is an igneous rock?

Answer 7

A rock made from magma that has cooled and solidified

Question 8

What is a metamorphic rock?

Answer 8

A rock formed from existing rocks under extreme pressure

Question 9

What are the 4 types of plate boundaries?

Answer 9

Destructive, constructive, conservative and collision

Question 10

Describe a conservative plate boundary

Answer 10

Where two crustal plates slide in the same direction at different speeds, and the movement of the plates is parallel to the plate margin.

Question 11

What natural landform/hazard is formed by conservative plate boundaries and how?

Answer 11

Earthquakes.
The 2 plates get stuck on each other, the pressure and tension build up, and one surges forwards

Question 12

Describe a destructive- Oceanic/continental- plate boundary

Answer 12

Destructive, or convergent, plate boundaries are where the tectonic plates are moving towards each other, one oceanic, one continental

Question 13

What natural landform/hazard is formed by destructive- Oceanic/continental- plate boundaries and how?

Answer 13

Volcanoes.
The oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust, so when they push against each other the ocean crust gets pushed down. Heat from the friction melts the subducted plate. This then rises through the gap in the continental crust.

Question 14

Describe a constructive plate boundary

Answer 14

At constructive plate boundaries, the tectonic plates are moving away from one another

Question 15

What natural landform/hazard is formed by constructive plate boundaries and how?

Answer 15

Ocean ridges.
When 2 plates move apart, a gap appears and molten magma rises to fill the gap. This solidifies to create new rocks on the sea bed. Over time, this breaks through the ocean surface

Question 16

Describe a destructive-collision- plate boundary

Answer 16

Destructive, or convergent, plate boundaries are where two continental tectonic plates are moving towards each other

Question 17

What natural landform/hazard is formed by destructive -collision- plate boundaries and how?

Answer 17

Mountains.
If two continental plates collide, neither can sink and so the land buckles upwards to form fold mountains

Question 24

What is a volcano?

Answer 24

A cone shaped landform with a broad base and narrow top, where lava erupts at the surface

Question 25

What is a crater (as part of a volcano)?

Answer 25

The bow shaped top of a volcano

Question 26

What is magma?

Answer 26

melted rock below the Earth’s surface

Question 27

What is lava?

Answer 27

magma that erupts above ground

Question 28

What is a vent (as part of a volcano)?

Answer 28

a channel through which magma travels to reach Earth’s surface

Question 29

Name and define the three states of a volcano

Answer 29

• Active: likely to erupt, erupted recently
• Dormant: hasn’t erupted in 2000 years, could erupt
  -Extinct: won’t erupt/highly unlikely to erupt