tectonic hazards Flashcards
ways to manage hazards
- prediction
- protection
- preparation
what is prediction
using past evidence to determine when earthquakes may happen and where
what is preparation
identifying the buildings most at risk - eg hospitals and schools - and protecting them
what is protection
designing buildings that will withstand hazards
building controls examples
shutter windows, deep foundations, shock absorbers
what is a natural hazard
a natural hazard is an natural event, like volcanoes and earthquakes, that poses a threat to society
types of natural hazards
geological hazards - volcanoes, earthquakes
meteorological hazards - tropical storms
different factors that affect hazard risk
- urbanisation
- poverty
- capacity to cope
- nature of the hazard (type, magnitude, frequency)
layers of the earth
- crust
- mantle
- outer core
- inner core
types of plate margins
destructive plate margins
constructive plate margins
conservative plate margins
what is a destructive plate margin
in a destructive plate margin, the plates are moving towards each other. this is a zone of subduction
what is a constructive plate margin
in a constructive plate margin, the plates move away from each other, and the magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap, cools, forming new crust
what is a conservative plate margin
in a conservative plate margin the plates are either moving in different speeds in the same direction or moving past each other
where are volcanoes formed
destructive or constructive
how is a volcano formed
in a destructive plate margin, the denser oceanic plate sinks under the less dense continental plate as they move towards each other. as the oceanic plate sinks it is heated by the mantle, and melts. this is less dense than the magma so it rises, breaking through the continental crust, forming a volcano
