paper 1 - long answer questions

Question 1

suggest how plate movements cause tectonic hazards [6]

Answer 1

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Question 2

describe the immediate and long term effects of an earthquake [4]

Question 3

describe the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake [4]

Question 3

using a named example, evaluate the immediate and long term responses to tropical storms [9 + 3 spag]

Question 4

assess the extent to which primary effects are more significant than secondary effects for an earthquake [9 + 3 spag]

Question 4

assess the extent to which primary effects are more significant than secondary effects for a volcanic eruption [9 + 3 spag]

Question 5

assess the extent to which tropical storms have effects on people and the environment [9 + 3 spag]

Question 6

suggest how extreme weather in the UK can have economic and social impacts [6]

Question 7

“the weather of the UK is becoming more extreme”
use evidence to support this statement [6]

Question 8

outline one strategy which aims to reduce to rate of climate change (mitigation) [4]

Question 9

explain how volcanic activity and orbital changes may cause long term climate change [4]

Answer 9

• orbital changes/milankovitch cycles: cycles where the Earth’s orbit around the sun changes to be more eccentric. this may cause long term climate change because some places of the Earth are warmer and the places further away from the sun gets cooler
• volcanic activity releases debris and gases when the blow out, which reflect the sun’s rays, cooling the Earth

Question 10

explain how the increasing use of fossil fuels and changes in agriculture may have contributed to global changes in temperature [4]

Answer 10

• fossils fuels: burning fossil fuels releases greenhouses gases, which goes into the atmosphere, overall heating the Earth
• changes in agriculture: farming with cows releases methane which is a greenhouse gas, heating the Earth

Question 11

“managing climate change involves both mitigation and adaptation” do you agree? explain [9 + 3 marks]

Answer 11

• i agree with this statement as the countries that are increasing the causes of climate change have to mitigate, and the countries affected by it have to adapt to the situations
• one country adapted is Bangladesh. they have found few ways around adapting to climate change. one way being salt tolerant rice farms. as Bangladesh is near the coast, and gets flooded often, the rice farms usually get destroyed. further, the impact of this economically is that if rice being the staple food of Bangladesh gets destroyed, lots of businesses will be dealing with losses as the farmers cannot sell anything. socially, this ruins the eating habits for people living in Bangladesh, so there is a high chance that people could be starving.

Question 11

explain how alternative energy production and planting trees may help reduce the rate of climate change [4]

Answer 11

• alternative energy production: renewable energy sources such as solar and wind and nuclear don’t emit large amounts of CO2. as these are renewable, they can last for a long time.
• planting trees: trees absorb CO2, so they act as carbon sinks. they also release moisture into the air, reducing the incoming solar radiation

Question 12

asses the importance of management strategies used to reduce the risk of environmental damage for an area of a hot desert [9]

Question 13

asses the importance of management. strategies used to reduce the risk of environmental damage for an area of a cold environment [9]

Question 14

using a case study, to what extent have opportunities for economic activity developed in hot desert environments

Question 15

using a case study, to what extent have opportunities for economic activity developed in cold environments

Question 16

to what extent is human activity the cause of desertification in areas on the fringes of hot deserts

Question 17

‘UK weather is becoming more extreme.’
Do you agree?

Answer 17

• i agree to the statement as clearly in both figures we can see that high levels of rainfall and high temperatures have been impacting the area around, causing wild fires and floods.

Question 17

Assess the effectiveness of strategies used to protect coastlines against erosion

Answer 17

• groynes: trap the sediment dragged by longshore drift, to prevent the beach from completely being eroded. the disadvantages of this is the sediment gets built up, so maintenance of clearing the buildup has to be done
• rock armour: big rock boulders are placed, usually at the bottom of the cliff, to absorb wave energy, and prevent hydraulic action eroded the bottom of the cliffs. the disadvantages of this is that it looks unnatural and takes away the recreational value of the beach
• beach reprofiling: reshaping the beach using existing sediment.