Tectonic hazards Flashcards
What is a natural hazard?
A natural hazard is a natural process, which could cause death injury and destruction to human life and could destroy property
What are the two types of natural hazard?
Geological and meteorological?
Geological Hazard?
Caused by land and tectonic processes, for example, earthquakes, and volcanoes
Metrological hazards
Call bae, weather and climate, for example, tropical storms
Factors affecting hazard risk
population, the greater amount of people, the greater amount that will be exposed, increasing the risk
Capacity to cope, the better country can cope less it will affect them. For example, high income countries will be better at coping.
Frequency, the more often the higher the risk
Magnitude, the bigger the magnitude, the bigger the risk
Tectonic plates
The Earth is divided into slabs called tectonic plates
They float on the mantle
They are made up of two types of crust
Continental, thicker and less dense
Oceanic, dinner, more dense
The plates are moving due to convection currents in the mantle, where they meet is called plate, margins or boundaries
Destructive margins
Where two plates are moving towards each other, where one oceanic and continental plate, moving towards each other, the more dense one is abducted and destroyed, erupting, magma, causes, volcanoes, and oceanic trenches
If both are Continental, they will fold up to create fold mountains
Constructive plate margins
Where do you place a moving away from each other magma rises to fill th gap and creates an calls to create a new crust
Conservative plate margins
What do you place a moving sideways past each other either at different directions or different speeds
Where do volcanoes occur?
Constructive and destructive plate margins
When a pool of magma forms, it rises through cracks, called vents, when it reaches the surface, it erupts
Where do earthquakes
On all three plate margins
Destructive-tension builds up against each other
Constructive-tension in cracks in the plates as they move away from each other
Conservative-tension builds up as the plates of grinding plates will eventually jerk past each other. Sending out shockwaves from the focus, and the epicentre is the point above the focus measured in magnitude scale.
Primary effects of tectonic hazards
Buildings destroyed
People injured and killed
Crops and water supplies damaged or contaminated
Electricity cables gas pipes and communication networks damaged cutting off supplies
Air travel jolted sue to volcanic ash
Secondary effects of tectonic hazards
Can cause secondary hazard such as tsunamis
Road blockages
Shortage of clean water - poor sanitation
Food shortages
Economy weakened
Unemployment
Ice melts causing flooding . Flood mixes with ash to cause mudflows
Primary responses to tectonic hazards
Evacuate people
Recover dead bodies
Define hazard risk
1 mark
Probability or chance that a natural jaz add may take place
