Tectonic Hazard Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Date

A

March to October 2010

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2
Q

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Magnitude

A

3.1

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3
Q

Why was the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption so explosive

A

Occurred under an ice cap

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4
Q

Primary Effects of the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

A
  • Ash destroyed crops and cattle
  • Jökullhlaups almost cut the road
  • Ash cloud emitted tephra 11km into the sky
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5
Q

Secondary Effects of the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

A
  • Vegetables and flowers from Kenya disrupted
  • 10 million travellers affected
  • Grounded 100,000 flights due to ash cloud
  • 8 day travel ban cost £1.7 billion
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6
Q

Immediate Responses of the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

A
  • Trenches dug across main roads
  • Shut down air travel
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7
Q

Long term responses of the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

A
  • Improved ash cloud tracking
  • Passengers claim legal compensation
  • Iceland tourism boom nearly doubled
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8
Q

L’Aquila Earthquake Date

A

6th April 2009

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9
Q

L’Aquila Earthquake Magnitude

A

6.3 on the Richter scale

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10
Q

Location of L’Aquila Earthquake

A
  • Central Italy, US$ 31,950 GDP per capita
  • African tectonic plate colliding with Eurasian plate at a destructive plate margin
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11
Q

Primary Effects of the L’Aquila Earthquake

A
  • 309 Deaths
  • 1,500 Injured
  • 10,000 buildings collapsed
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12
Q

Secondary Effects of the L’Aquila Earthquake

A
  • 65,000 made homeless
  • $11 billion in damage
  • Landslides
  • House and rent prices increased
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13
Q

Immediate Responses of the L’Aquila Earthquake

A
  • 10,000 sheltered at hotels
  • 40,000 tents given
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14
Q

Long Term Responses of the L’Aquila Earthquake

A
  • No Taxes for residents until 2010
  • Students’ university fees waived
  • Free public transport for students
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15
Q

NGOs that Provided Aid for the L’Aquila Earthquake

A

Red Cross (7Dog units, 36 Ambulances, temporary hospital within one hour)

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16
Q

Gorkha Earthquake Date

A

25th April 2015

17
Q

Gorkha Earthquake Magnitude

A

7.8

18
Q

Location of Gorkha Earthquake

A
  • Kathmandu, US$ 770 per capita
  • Indo-Australian plate colliding with the Eurasian plate at a collision plate margin
19
Q

Primary Effects of the Gorkha Earthquake

A
  • 9,000 Deaths
  • 16,800 injured
  • 8 million people affected
  • 7,000 schools collapsed
  • 26 hospitals collapsed
20
Q

Secondary Effects of the Gorkha Earthquake

A
  • Avalanches hit Mount Everest and killed 19 climbers
  • $5 billion in damage
  • 1 million made homeless
  • Blocked roads slowed aid
  • Rice seed ruined which led to for shortages
  • Tourism and income declined
21
Q

Immediate Responses of the Gorkha Earthquake

A
  • International help requested
  • 500,000 tents provided
  • UN and WHO sent medical supplies
22
Q

Long Term Responses of the Gorkha Earthquake

A
  • $274 million in aid money
  • Stricter building controls
23
Q

NGOs that Provided Aid for the Gorkha Earthquake

A

Oxfam provided emergency aid