Changing Economic World Case Studies Flashcards
1
Q
Reasons for Tunisia’s Tourist Growth
A
- Climate - Northerly coast has a Meditteranean climate
- Links with Europe - Not far from Sicily, French language
- History and Culture - Seven World UNESCO heritage sites, Star Wars filming locations
- Physcial Landscape - Beaches, Dorsal Mountains, Sahara Desert
- Cheap Package Holidays - TUI helped to develop it with hotels, transport infrastructure and recreational activities
2
Q
Sustainability of Tunisia’s Tourism
A
- 8% of the GDP
- No longer unsafe
- Improved security
- Any tourism setbacks halt the entire country
3
Q
Impacts of Tunisia’s Tourism
A
- Income has quadrupled since 1970s
- Longer life expectancy
- Increased literacy rate of 13%
- Compulsory schooling for women
- 10 Golf Courses
- 9 Airports
- 4 Casinos
- Tourism kills tourism due to large crowds causing litter and pollution
- Rich vs poor gap has increased
- Poorer South has no water
4
Q
Location and Importance of Nigeria
A
- West Africa
- South Coast of the Gulf of Guinea
- Supplies 2.7% of the World’s oil
- By 2050, Nigeria’s economy will be in the top 20
- 1.24 million Nigerians living in other countries
- Often takes leadership roles in African Unions
- Largest Economy in West Africa
- Largest population in Africa
5
Q
Political, Social, Cultural and Environmental Context of Nigeria
A
- Africa was divided up by European powers in 1884
- Birtain colonised Nigeria
- Nigeria became independent in 1960
- 250 minority groups make up a third of Nigeria’s population
- Conflict between cultures
- Football team have won AFCON three times
- Lots of different natural environments, as rainfall decreases the further North, towards the Sahel
6
Q
Industrial Structure of Nigeria
A
- 59% of the population in agriculture in 1991 to 22% in 2022
- 29% in service to 56%
- 12% in industry to 21%
- Fastest growing businesses of Telecommunications, Retail and Wholesale, Film Industry
- Manufacturing and services are more profitable than agriculture
- Shell refines oil, associated businesses grow, local people can get jobs, more taxes
7
Q
Positive Impacts of TNCs in Nigeria
A
- Employ 6,000 people directly and 20,000 indirectly
- Increase wealth and GDP
- Pay taxes to the government
- Encourage development
- Improve healthcare, education and water supply
- Attempt to clean up the environment
- Set up conservation charities
8
Q
Negative Impacts of TNCs in Nigeria
A
- Oil theft costs government and TNCs billions
- Profit goes to the TNCs HQ, not LIC
- Long hours
- Sweat shops
- Poor working conditions
- Payed less than in HICs
- Cause air, water and noise pollution due to factories and oil spills
9
Q
Political Relationships in Nigeria
A
- Originally part of the British Empire
- Now a part of the Commonwealth
- Growing links with China, Asia and the US
- Play a leading role in the African Union and peacekeeping in the UN
10
Q
Trading Relationships in Nigeria
A
- Main imports are refined petroleum from the EU and US, Cars from Brazil and phones from China
- Almost 50% of exports are to the Eu, crude oil, natural gas, rubber, cotton and cocoa
- Most of Nigeria’s crude oil goes to India, China, Japan and South Korea
- Part of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
11
Q
Trading Relationship with China in Nigeria
A
- Main import partner for manufactured goods
- China Railway Construction Corporation won US$12 Billion contract to build a 1400 km railway on the Nigerian coast
- In 2014, China agreed to invest $10 billion in exploration and drilling of new oil fields in Nigeria
12
Q
Reasons that Nigeria needs International Aid
A
- High levels of Debt
- Terrorism
- Hunger and Starvation
- Malaria
13
Q
Types of Aid
A
- Bilateral/Conditional/Tied Aid - Aid given with conditions attached, such as restrictions on what the money can be used for.
- Multilateral Aid - Money given to organisations like the World Bank or the UN to be distributed.
- Long Term/Development Aid - Aid given over many years to help a country develop politically, socially, economically and environmentally.
- Short Term/Emergency Aid - Aid given usually in response to an emergency.
- ‘Top-Down’/Large Scale Aid - Money given to spend on large projects.
- ‘Bottom-Up’/Small Scale Aid - Aid given to a charity or local regeneration project created by a local community organisation.
14
Q
Examples of Aid in Nigeria
A
- ‘Top-Down’ Aid - World Bank £560 million for a large scale irrigation and drainage scheme in North East. Dadin Kowa Dam dams the Gongola river.
- ‘Bottom-Up’ Aid - Oxfam help small farmers increase productivity and prevent volatile changes in food prices. Help female farmers become community leaders.
- Short Term Aid - 2017, UN helping people affected by Boko Haram, supplied 400,000 people with emergency food, helping people who fled to Cameroon.
- Long Term Aid - 2016, UK £350 million to achieve Millenium Development Goals. 1/4 of the World’s poor in Nigeria. Life Expectancy of 53, 100 women die in childbirth daily, 2,000 children under 5 die from preventative diseases.
- Tied Aid - China supplied arms, equipment, training and technology to the Army. Nigeria allowed import of cheap Chinese goods. China invested $4 billion in oil infrastructure development. Nigeria gave Chinese oil firms oil exploration rights in the Nigerian Delta.
15
Q
Environmental Impacts of Economic Development in Nigeria
A
- Pollution of rivers and land due to toxic waste
- Pollutants in open drains
- Breathing and lung problems from air pollution
- Squatter settlements
- Service not up to pace with development
- No waste disposal infrastructure
- 70-80% of forests destroyed
- Soil erosion
- Damaged freshwater and marine ecosystems
- Oil spills cause fires, releasing CO2
