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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY CS > TECTONIC CS > Flashcards

TECTONIC CS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is my case study for EARTHQUAKES?

A

San Andreas fault; Nepal

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2
Q

EARTHQUAKES: What plate boundaries was the San Andreas fault & Nepal between?

A

SAF = Conservative plates boundaries N = Convergent plate boundaries (eurasion/indian)

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3
Q

EARTHQUAKES: When was the San Andreas fault and what was it on the Richter scale?

A

1906 at 8.6 scale. shallow as friction build up

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4
Q

EARTHQUAKES: When was the Nepal earthquake and what was it on the Richter scale?

A

2015 at 7.8 scale; x2 continental plates

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5
Q

What is my case studies for TECTONIC EVENTS?

A

Eyjafjalljokull & Tohoko tsunami

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6
Q

TECTONIC EVENTS: When did eyjafjallajokull erupt?

A

March 2010 for the first time in 190 years

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7
Q

TECTONIC EVENTS: When did the ash plume of eyjafjallajokull effect europe and how many flights were cancelled?

A

By 15th April and more than 100,000 flights were cancelled for several days

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8
Q

TECTONIC EVENTS: When was the Tohoko tsunami?

A

March 2011 a magnitude 9 earthquake which produced a wave along Eastern Japan, caused impact in Fukushima pp

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9
Q

TECTONIC EVENTS: How many people dies and went missing in the Tohoko tsunami?

A

15,749 dead ad 3962 missing

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10
Q

TECTONIC EVENTS: What % of people dead in the tsunami were over 60?

A

63%

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11
Q

What is my Case Study for VULNERABILITY?

A

2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI

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12
Q

VULNERABILITY: Where was the Indian ocean tsunami and what caused it?

A

Earthquake off Sumatra was 9 - 9.3 magnitude

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13
Q

VULNERABILITY: How high were the waves and how far was the ocean floor thrust?

A

waves were 17m high and thrust 15m

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14
Q

VULNERABILITY: How many died/effected/made homeless in the tsunami?

A

300,000 died; 5 million affected; 1.7 million homeless

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15
Q

VULNERABILITY: What are factors that affected vulnerability in the tsunami?

A

Poor infrastructure; efficiency of services; environmental accessibility of an area

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16
Q

VULNERABILITY:(INFRASTRUCTURE POOR) Why does poor infrastructure make the areas more vulnerable?

A

coastal settlements destroyed; susceptible to damage; increases fatalities

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17
Q

VULNERABILITY:(INFRASTRUCTURE POOR): In Sumatra how many villages were destroyed and what % of villages died?

A

1500 villages destroyed; 70%

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18
Q

VULNERABILITY: What impacts did efficiency of services have in the tsunami?

A

no warning system; no resources to spare; can’t cope with demands; not enough care; inaccessibility put at risk

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19
Q

VULNERABILITY: What impacts did environemntal - accessibility of an area have in the tsunami?

A

mangroves were destroyed; overpopulated due to allowing tourists; less protection of vegetation

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20
Q

VULNERABILITY: (ACCESS): How many m of land were removed for tourists?

A

800m

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21
Q

VULNERABILITY: (ACCESS): What was the economic cost of the tsunami?

A

US $10 Billion

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22
Q

What is my case study for MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES?

A

Philippines

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23
Q

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES: Why is the Philippines vulnerable?

A

sits across major convergent plate boundaries. Northern/eastern coasts face Pacific ocean (tsunami prone)

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24
Q

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES: How many typhoons is it affected by and how many volcanoes are ther?

A

15 typhoons a year and 47 volcanoes with 22 active

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25
Q

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES: What % in the Phillipines live within 30km of a volcano?

A

30%

26
Q

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES: Why is the Philippines vulnerable?

A

Location (pltes); growing pop (high pop density, most live on coasts - floods, surges ect); rapid urbanisation (bad infra); poverty (25% inn poverty)

27
Q

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES: Why are there challenges in Philippines?

A

One hazard causes another

28
Q

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES: In the Earthquake in 2006 how many died, inhured and damged builidngs?

A

15 died; 100 injured; 800 building destroyed

29
Q

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES: What did the earthquake cause?

A

Tsunami 3 m high; triggered landslides, fell into lake, creating floods

30
Q

What is my case study for HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS?

A

JAPAN 2011; HAITI 2010; SICHUAN 2008

31
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): When was the earthquake and what was the magnitude?

A

Fri 11th March and was a 7.2 magnitude followed by another on Sunday 13th March which was a 9.1 mag. After there was a series of seven 6.0 mag aftershocks

32
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): What happened in response to the events?

A

100,000 troops sent to Tomodachi to help; emperor gave a call to the nation

33
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): What increased vulnerability to this event?

A

vast majority on coastlines; upper 10m of soft soil- amplifies liquefaction

34
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): SOCIAL: How many died in the tsunami and how many were injured?

A

15,853 died and 6023 were injured

35
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): SOCIAL What % of victims were over 60?

A

66%

36
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): SOCIAL How many children were separated from their parents?

A

100,000 due to in school time

37
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): SOCIAL How many buildings were destroyed?

A

300,000 buildings

38
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): ECONOMIC: What was the cost of the event?

A

£181 billion

39
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): ECONOMIC: How many households lost electricity?

A

4.4 million

40
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): what happened in the response and recovery?

A

quick due to monitors; coastline protected with 10m high sea wall; within 24hours 110,000 troops

41
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): When did this event happen?

A

October 2010 as well as a cholera outbreak, still ongoing in 2016

42
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): How many people died and how many were injured?

A

316,000 died and 300,000 injured

43
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): How many were made homeless?

A

1.3 million homeless

44
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): What increased vulnerability to this event?

A

poor income; cholera outbreak; poor infrastructure

45
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): SOCIAL: What were social impacts of the event?

A

lack of medical supplies; spread disease; over 1/2 of resident housing in PortALPrince was damaged; 400 inmates escaped

46
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): ECONOMIC: What were economic costs of the event?

A

over a 1/4 of buildings were damaged; poor infra destroyed; supplies coulnt reach high risk areas

47
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): ECONOMIC: How many people fled to the countryside ?

A

600,000

48
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): ECONOMIC? \How much did buildings cost in damage?

A

$2-3 billion

49
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (SICHUAN 2008)? What happened and what magnitude hit?

A

12th May 2008 a 7.9 mag earthquake hit as collision of eurasion/indian, austrailian plates. aftershock of 5mag, 2 years later

50
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (SICHUAN 2008): What was effected and how many people were made homeless?

A

10 provinces effected and 5 million homeless

51
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (SICHUAN 2008): What increased vulnerability to this event?

A

corrupt officials ignoring poorly constructed buildings; damage in rural areas

52
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (SICHUAN 2008): SOCIAL: How many relief workers died in mudslides?

A

200

53
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (SICHUAN 2008): ECONOMIC: How many industrial companies were damaged?

A

14,000 and brought down tourism as full of debris

54
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (SICHUAN 2008): ECONOMIC: \what was the direct economic loss

A

852,309million

55
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): What factors made the event better/worse before?

A

+strict building regs; +well developed plans; +mitigation plans, +education in school/ - power plant not built to withstand - lak of basic saftey at pp

56
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (JAPAN 2011): What factors made the event better/worse after?

A

20km exclusion zone around power plant

57
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): What factors made the event better/worse before?

A

-poor infra -25 nurses to 100,000 people -corruption

58
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (HAITI 2010): What factors made the event better/worse after?

A

-cholera affecting 720,000 - 5years later 80,000 still in temp housing

59
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (SICHUAN 2011): What factors made the event better/worse before?

A

-corruption +wealthy + disaster plan

60
Q

HAZARDS IN CONTRASTING LOCATIONS (SICHUAN 2011): What factors made the event better/worse after?

A

+ government pledged $10bill for recovery; +2 years after 97% of reconstruction was complete +216 transport projects - trade loss caused $29 bill

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY CS (3 decks)

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