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GLACIERS CS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Case study for SHORT TERM CLIMATE CHANGE?

A

Little Ice Age & Loch Lomond Stadial

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2
Q

SHORT TERM CLIMATE CHANGE: When was the Little Ice Age and why did it occur?

A

19th Century during Holocene epoch - followed by medieval warm. Due to natural factors - axial tilt/wobble

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3
Q

SHORT TERM CLIMATE CHANGE: What were temperatures in the Little Ice Age and what did it cause?

A

low levels of -2 degrees and led to crop failures, starvation, can’t sell crops

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4
Q

SHORT TERM CLIMATE CHANGE: When did temperatures plunge in the Loch Lomond Stadial?

A

12,500 years ago temps plunged in glacial conditions in the Pleistocene epoch. Last Uk glacier

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5
Q

SHORT TERM CLIMATE CHANGE: Why did the Loch Lomond Stadial occur?

A

continental drift as cold water disrupted ocean currents

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6
Q

SHORT TERM CLIMATE CHANGE: BY how much were temps lower than normal in the Loch Lomond Stadial?

A

6-7 degrees lower tan average

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7
Q

What is my Case study for a GLACIATED LANDSCAPE?

A

Greenland

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8
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: What % of ice covers the island?

A

80% ice cover - world largest island

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9
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: When was it granted a self government and what is its population?

A

1979 and 56,000 people with 88% inuit

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10
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: What is the environmental value of Greenland?

A

support fragile biodiversity of endemic plants / mammals (artic fox, whale, polar bear and reindeer) used for scientific research

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11
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE (environmental value): How much global ice does Greenland hold?

A

10% of ice as it has a role in the water cycle

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12
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: How much does Greenland’s ice melt contribute to sea level rise?

A

0.3mm per year and if all melted sea would rise 7m flooding NY and London

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13
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: What is the cultural value of Greenland?

A

Use landscape for traditional lifestyle - hunting/fishing.

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14
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE (cultural value): What is the threats to Greenland cultural value?

A

climate change/loss of sea ice reduces hunting size and space/ drill ice cores

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15
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: What is the economic value of Greenland?

A

meltwater provides hydroelectric/ tourism (cruises) and if ice retreats exposes oil, gas and minerals

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16
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: What are threats to Greenland?

A

Climate Change/polar bears/political disputes

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17
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: How does climate change threaten Greenland?

A

as sea retreats, shipping routes open in Northwest Passage connecting pacific/Atlantic = marine pollution

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18
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: How does polar bears uncertain future threaten Greenland?

A

Hunting ground reduced, pop (persistent organic pollutants) have been found in bears which reduces reproduction

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19
Q

GLACIATED LANDSCAPE: How does political disputes threaten Greenland?

A

2007, Russia claimed part of the artic seabed, causing conflict with Artic nations such as Denmark and Canada

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20
Q

What is my case study for a PERIGLACIAL LANDSCAPE?

A

Yamel Peninsula - Russia

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21
Q

What is the Case Study for RELICT LANDSCAPES?

A

Lake District

22
Q

RELICT LANDSCAPES: What are threats to the Lake District?

A

Footpath erosion, farming on upland areas, water storage/forestry

23
Q

RELICT LANDSCAPES (footpath erosion): How many visitors does the LD get?

A

16 million visitors a year over 2000 miles of footpaths.

24
Q

RELICT LANDSCAPES (footpath erosion): How does these visitors effect the landscape?

A

walkers destroy vegetation, compact soil, reduces infiltration rates, exposes soil that is washed away, gullies form, widen paths, less nutrient rich particles

25
RELICT LANDSCAPES (footpath erosion): What has been done to reduce this threat?
LD national park authority (LDNPA) repair over 40 years, rangers use techniques but is slow and expensive
26
RELICT LANDSCAPES (farming on upland areas): Where is used for sheep grazing?
fell tops over 600m
27
RELICT LANDSCAPES (farming on upland areas): How does grazing threaten the landscape?
degrade land, erosion, threaten landscape due to roaming freely.
28
RELICT LANDSCAPES (farming on upland areas): How does farming threaten landscape?
on valley floors produces lots of energy
29
RELICT LANDSCAPES (Water storage/forestry): How does water threaten the landscape?
Thirlmere dam flooded small Hamlet/pub/restaurant, more water needed from aqueduct to support more people
30
What is the case study for a GLACIERS?
Sagarmatha NP
31
GLACIERS: What are the threats to the Np?
Tourism, Natural causes/disasters, Climate/everest
32
GLACIERS (tourism): How many people visit the area in 2014?
over 37,000, which increases demand for energy and erosion/water pollution
33
GLACIERS (tourism): Due to increased temps, in 2013 how much did glaciers shrink by?
13% in 50 years, influences sherpa people
34
GLACIERS (natural causes/disasters): In 2004 what hit the NP?
28 mag earthquake, as tectonically active, which degrades the environment
35
GLACIERS (Climate/Everest): How many people have now reached Everest's summit?
over 6000 and 90% guided, causing pollution, rubbish, crowded, and travel causes gg
36
GLACIERS (Climate/Everest): By how many m is the snowline higher than it was 50 years ago?
180m higher, causes floods/glacial outbursts
37
What are my case studies for HUMAN CAUSES?
polar tourism, Yosemite np, antartic treaty
38
HUMAN CAUSES (polar tourism): How many tourists does the Antarctic receive a year?
40,000 tourists as it reps a "journey of a lifetime". Doubled over 2 mill in 2014, compared to 1990's
39
HUMAN CAUSES (polar tourism): How many cruise ships reach Svalbard in2015?
5o ships for activities like snowmobiling, sledging, northern lights, 200 landing sites
40
HUMAN CAUSES (Yosemite NP): How many visitors does the NP get?
5 mill with 90% concentrated in 6% of area
41
HUMAN CAUSES (Yosemite NP): What does this tourism cause?
degregation of veg, invasion of speices, wildfires, pollution, overcrowding (selfie taking)
42
HUMAN CAUSES (Antarctic treaty): When was the treaty signed?
in 1961 with 53 signatory nations
43
HUMAN CAUSES (Antarctic treaty): What does the treaty do?
bans military action and establishes investigation
44
What are my case studies for MANAGEMENT STRATIGIES?
Zermatt, switz/ Alpine Convention
45
MANAGEMENT STRATIGIES (Zermatt, Switz): How many visitors does Zermatt receive?
2 mill a year, and resident pop of 6000 people reaching 35,000 in ski season
46
MANAGEMENT STRATIGIES (Zermatt, Switz): How is it sustainable?
town is car free; high altitude restaurant (Matterhorn glacier paradise) uses renewable energy won European solar prize
47
MANAGEMENT STRATIGIES (Zermatt, Switz): How is the restaurant sustainable?
waste water collected and purified, solar/geotheraml energy
48
MANAGEMENT STRATIGIES (Zermatt, Switz): What has Switz done to manage?
spent 1 mill on environment, 6 protected forests/ 10 santuaries
49
MANAGEMENT STRATIGIES (Alpine convention): What is the convention?
International treaty between alpine countries and Eu, to achieve sustainable development,
50
MANAGEMENT STRATIGIES (Alpine convention): How do you have to be involved in the convention?
need 14 mil residents with 120 million tourists a year, but some countries don't like it out of there hands.
51
MANAGEMENT STRATIGIES (Alpine convention): What has the convention done?
Gap has free buses for 39,000 inhabitants, Arosa bikes free, carbon taxation

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY CS (3 decks)

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