CARBON CS Flashcards
What is my Case Study for FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY?
Norway
FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: What are factors that effect energy security?
Physical availability, cost, technology, political considerations, environmental priorities
FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s physical availability make it energy secure?
Mountainous and steep valleys with lots of rainfall makes HEP a choice. lots of oil is exported
FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s cost make it energy secure?
Norsk hydro is the majority, costs are low once capital investment is complete
FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: How many Norsk HEP sites are there and how much of renewable energy does it supply?
600 sites and supplies 97.5% of energy
FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s technology make it energy secure?
deep-water drilling tech to develop north sea oil and gas extraction
FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s political considerations make it energy secure?
Norwegian government has an interventionist approach preventing foreign comps from owning primary source sites eg. mines. taxes paid from sale of ff go to prepare for a future without a ff
FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s environmental priorities make it energy secure?
Norway’s “policy for change” launched in 2016 for being carbon neutral by 2050.2015 committed to reduce ghg by 40% by 2030
What are my Case Studies for RENEWABLE ENERGY?
Hinkley Point C; Hornsea project 1; Chapel lane solar farm
RENEWABLE ENERGY: What is Hinkley point C?
Nuclear energy, UK Somerset
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C +) (SOCIAL) How many jobs does it provide in 10 years?
25,000
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C +) (SOCIAL): How long will it provide energy for and to how many homes?
60 years energy, supplying 6mil homes
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C +) (ECONOMIC): How many years will we pay for power?
35 years - reduce imports (7% of energy)
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C +) (ENVIRONMENTAL) Why is it good environmentally?
reprocessed and reused. low carbon tech
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C -) (SOCIAL): What are social worries?
safety concerns like Chernobyl
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C -) (ECONOMIC): What are economic issues?
expensive to get rid of waste; expensive to build ($18 bill)
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C -) (ENVIRONMENTAL): What are environmental issues?
effects landscape
RENEWABLE ENERGY: What is Hornsea project 1?
wind turbines 121km of Yorkshire Coast
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hornsea project 1 +) (SOCIAL): How many jobs will it provide and how many homes will it provide?
2000 construction jobs powering 1 mill homes
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hornsea project 1 +) (ECONOMIC): What is its capacity?
1218mw
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hornsea project 1 -) What are issues with the project?
building work blot landscape; expensive; threat to birds
RENEWABLE ENERGY: What is Chapel Lane solar farm?
Christchurch, Dorset, equivalent to 175 footie pitches
RENEWABLE ENERGY ( +) (SOCIAL) How many people does Chapel Lane solar farm serve?
65,000 households, also provides jobs, land used for grazing sheep but cost £50 mill
What is my case study for VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES?
London & Peru
VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES: What proportion of people live in cities and what % of energy and ghg do they use?
1/2 live in cities; 75% energy; 80% of ghg
VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES: How many tonnes of carbon does London generate?
1.7 mill tonnes a year which is from international links
VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES: How many people is solar energy in peru available to?
500,000 people in the village from 2006 and 2015
VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES: What is this energy used for in peru?
power lights and more sustainable due to smaller pops
What is my case study for ENERGY MIXES?
USA & France
ENERGY MIXES: What are USA’s most and least used energy types?
Most: Oil, coal, gas Least: nuclear, renewable
ENERGY MIXES: What are France’s most and least used energy types?
Most: Nuclear, Oil, renewable Least: coal, gas
What is my case study for UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS?
USA
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: where is the shale gas found?
New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: How is it extracted?
not by drilling, but rock is broken to free the gas - fracking, forcing water mixed with chemicals so gas flows, done vertical/horizontal
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: What is Scale gas extractions social benefits?
increased energy reserves in the USA; flexibility of source
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: What is Scale gas extractions economic benefits?
reduced need for imports; 2015 in the USA natural gas overtook coal as main generator
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: What implications does shale gas have on the carbon cycle/ environment?
pollutants such as methane, benzene, sulphur dioxide/ contaminate groundwater, earthquakes, animal death
What is my case study for UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SANDS?
Canada
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SANDS: where is the tar sand found?
located in the northern half of Alberta, covering 140,200km, larger than 24 US states, belt of trees
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SANDS: How is it extracted?
mixture of clay, sand, water, bitumen. The oil is so thick it cant be pumped so taken from an open pit/strip mine, next separated from sand using hot water diluted with lighter hydrocarbon
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: What is tar sands extractions social benefits?
provides 478,000 jobs, localised economic benefit, secure source of energy
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: How many barrels are produced a year?
32.2 billion
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: What % of Canadas oil is from tar sands?
40%
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: In 2012 what did GPD raise to?
$12,772, allowing US to put petrol prices low
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: What are the implications on the carbon cycle/ environment?
the process produces more ghg than the end product, 80% of the carbon per barrel is burnt in the atmos/ scars landscape, uses 5.9gallons of water
What is the Case study for UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL:
Brazil
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: Where is deep water oil located?
fields in santos basin, at a water depth of 2,050m off the caost of sao Paulo
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: What is the extraction method for deep water oil?
drilling down into ocean, lever pushes and pulls a polishing rod, suction draws oil up
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: What are social benefits?
provides jobs, energy resource
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: What are economic benefits?
offloading ships at $2 bill each/ investment in 2014 reaching $221 billion
UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: What are implications on the carbon cycle/environment?
Transpiration, combustion/ oil spills, land deg, marine life dies
What is my case study for DROUGHT?
Amazon 2010
DROUGHT: When did the amazon basin experience droughts?
2005, 2010, 2014,2015
DROUGHT: What % of terrestrial vegetation does the amazon hold?
17%
DROUGHT: What are the impacts of the drought on the amazon?
billion trees dies, releasing ghgs; rivers dried up; less carbon stored; fires; decomposition
DROUGHT: In 2005/2010, how many tonnes of CO2 is released?
2005= 5 billion, 2010= 8 billion
what is my case study for DEFORESTATION?
Madagascar
DEFORESTATION: what % of rainforest has been deforested?
90% due to industrial companies
DEFORESTATION: why has it occurred?
increase pop, growing demand for hardwood, government encouraged to clear land for crops
DEFORESTATION: What are the hydrological impacts of deforestation?
increased sediment has turned rivers red; logging in inland areas; clogs waterways with sediment
DEFORESTATION: How many tonnes of soil erosion has occurred?
400 tonnes per 11a per year
