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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY CS > CARBON CS > Flashcards

CARBON CS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is my Case Study for FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY?

A

Norway

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2
Q

FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: What are factors that effect energy security?

A

Physical availability, cost, technology, political considerations, environmental priorities

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3
Q

FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s physical availability make it energy secure?

A

Mountainous and steep valleys with lots of rainfall makes HEP a choice. lots of oil is exported

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4
Q

FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s cost make it energy secure?

A

Norsk hydro is the majority, costs are low once capital investment is complete

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5
Q

FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: How many Norsk HEP sites are there and how much of renewable energy does it supply?

A

600 sites and supplies 97.5% of energy

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6
Q

FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s technology make it energy secure?

A

deep-water drilling tech to develop north sea oil and gas extraction

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7
Q

FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s political considerations make it energy secure?

A

Norwegian government has an interventionist approach preventing foreign comps from owning primary source sites eg. mines. taxes paid from sale of ff go to prepare for a future without a ff

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8
Q

FACTORS THAT EFFECT ENERGY SECURITY: Why does Norway’s environmental priorities make it energy secure?

A

Norway’s “policy for change” launched in 2016 for being carbon neutral by 2050.2015 committed to reduce ghg by 40% by 2030

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9
Q

What are my Case Studies for RENEWABLE ENERGY?

A

Hinkley Point C; Hornsea project 1; Chapel lane solar farm

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10
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY: What is Hinkley point C?

A

Nuclear energy, UK Somerset

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11
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C +) (SOCIAL) How many jobs does it provide in 10 years?

A

25,000

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12
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C +) (SOCIAL): How long will it provide energy for and to how many homes?

A

60 years energy, supplying 6mil homes

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13
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C +) (ECONOMIC): How many years will we pay for power?

A

35 years - reduce imports (7% of energy)

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14
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C +) (ENVIRONMENTAL) Why is it good environmentally?

A

reprocessed and reused. low carbon tech

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15
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C -) (SOCIAL): What are social worries?

A

safety concerns like Chernobyl

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16
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C -) (ECONOMIC): What are economic issues?

A

expensive to get rid of waste; expensive to build ($18 bill)

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17
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hinkley point C -) (ENVIRONMENTAL): What are environmental issues?

A

effects landscape

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18
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY: What is Hornsea project 1?

A

wind turbines 121km of Yorkshire Coast

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19
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hornsea project 1 +) (SOCIAL): How many jobs will it provide and how many homes will it provide?

A

2000 construction jobs powering 1 mill homes

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20
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hornsea project 1 +) (ECONOMIC): What is its capacity?

A

1218mw

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21
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY (Hornsea project 1 -) What are issues with the project?

A

building work blot landscape; expensive; threat to birds

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22
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY: What is Chapel Lane solar farm?

A

Christchurch, Dorset, equivalent to 175 footie pitches

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23
Q

RENEWABLE ENERGY ( +) (SOCIAL) How many people does Chapel Lane solar farm serve?

A

65,000 households, also provides jobs, land used for grazing sheep but cost £50 mill

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24
Q

What is my case study for VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES?

A

London & Peru

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25
Q

VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES: What proportion of people live in cities and what % of energy and ghg do they use?

A

1/2 live in cities; 75% energy; 80% of ghg

26
Q

VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES: How many tonnes of carbon does London generate?

A

1.7 mill tonnes a year which is from international links

27
Q

VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES: How many people is solar energy in peru available to?

A

500,000 people in the village from 2006 and 2015

28
Q

VARYING ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES: What is this energy used for in peru?

A

power lights and more sustainable due to smaller pops

29
Q

What is my case study for ENERGY MIXES?

A

USA & France

30
Q

ENERGY MIXES: What are USA’s most and least used energy types?

A

Most: Oil, coal, gas Least: nuclear, renewable

31
Q

ENERGY MIXES: What are France’s most and least used energy types?

A

Most: Nuclear, Oil, renewable Least: coal, gas

32
Q

What is my case study for UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS?

A

USA

33
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: where is the shale gas found?

A

New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia

34
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: How is it extracted?

A

not by drilling, but rock is broken to free the gas - fracking, forcing water mixed with chemicals so gas flows, done vertical/horizontal

35
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: What is Scale gas extractions social benefits?

A

increased energy reserves in the USA; flexibility of source

36
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: What is Scale gas extractions economic benefits?

A

reduced need for imports; 2015 in the USA natural gas overtook coal as main generator

37
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - SHALE GAS: What implications does shale gas have on the carbon cycle/ environment?

A

pollutants such as methane, benzene, sulphur dioxide/ contaminate groundwater, earthquakes, animal death

38
Q

What is my case study for UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SANDS?

A

Canada

39
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SANDS: where is the tar sand found?

A

located in the northern half of Alberta, covering 140,200km, larger than 24 US states, belt of trees

40
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SANDS: How is it extracted?

A

mixture of clay, sand, water, bitumen. The oil is so thick it cant be pumped so taken from an open pit/strip mine, next separated from sand using hot water diluted with lighter hydrocarbon

41
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: What is tar sands extractions social benefits?

A

provides 478,000 jobs, localised economic benefit, secure source of energy

42
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: How many barrels are produced a year?

A

32.2 billion

43
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: What % of Canadas oil is from tar sands?

A

40%

44
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: In 2012 what did GPD raise to?

A

$12,772, allowing US to put petrol prices low

45
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - TAR SNADS: What are the implications on the carbon cycle/ environment?

A

the process produces more ghg than the end product, 80% of the carbon per barrel is burnt in the atmos/ scars landscape, uses 5.9gallons of water

46
Q

What is the Case study for UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL:

A

Brazil

47
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: Where is deep water oil located?

A

fields in santos basin, at a water depth of 2,050m off the caost of sao Paulo

48
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: What is the extraction method for deep water oil?

A

drilling down into ocean, lever pushes and pulls a polishing rod, suction draws oil up

49
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: What are social benefits?

A

provides jobs, energy resource

50
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: What are economic benefits?

A

offloading ships at $2 bill each/ investment in 2014 reaching $221 billion

51
Q

UNCONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS - DEEP WATER OIL: What are implications on the carbon cycle/environment?

A

Transpiration, combustion/ oil spills, land deg, marine life dies

52
Q

What is my case study for DROUGHT?

A

Amazon 2010

53
Q

DROUGHT: When did the amazon basin experience droughts?

A

2005, 2010, 2014,2015

54
Q

DROUGHT: What % of terrestrial vegetation does the amazon hold?

A

17%

55
Q

DROUGHT: What are the impacts of the drought on the amazon?

A

billion trees dies, releasing ghgs; rivers dried up; less carbon stored; fires; decomposition

56
Q

DROUGHT: In 2005/2010, how many tonnes of CO2 is released?

A

2005= 5 billion, 2010= 8 billion

57
Q

what is my case study for DEFORESTATION?

A

Madagascar

58
Q

DEFORESTATION: what % of rainforest has been deforested?

A

90% due to industrial companies

59
Q

DEFORESTATION: why has it occurred?

A

increase pop, growing demand for hardwood, government encouraged to clear land for crops

60
Q

DEFORESTATION: What are the hydrological impacts of deforestation?

A

increased sediment has turned rivers red; logging in inland areas; clogs waterways with sediment

61
Q

DEFORESTATION: How many tonnes of soil erosion has occurred?

A

400 tonnes per 11a per year

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY CS (3 decks)

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