Techniques of Flight Instruction Flashcards
What are several common obstacles to learning during flight instruction?
- Feeling of unfair treatment.
- Impatience to proceed to more interesting operations.
- Worry or lack of interest.
- Physical discomfort, illness, fatigue, and dehydration.
- Apathy due to inadequate instruction.
- Anxiety.
Explain the demonstration-performance technique of flight instruction.
Best used for the mastery of mental or physical skills that require practice, the demonstration-performance method is based on the principle that people learn by doing.
The instructor first shows the student the correct way to perform an activity and then has the student attempt the same activity.
This method is divided into: explanation, demonstration, student performance, instructor supervision, and evaluation.
Explain the “positive exchange of flight controls” concept as it related to flight training.
During flight training, there must always be a clear understanding between students and flight instructors about who has control of the aircraft.
There should be a preflight briefing that includes the procedure for the exchange of flight controls.
A positive three-step process in the exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended.
What is the “sterile cockpit rule”?
14 CFR 121.542 requires flight crew members to refrain from nonessential activities during critical phases of flight, which are defined as all ground operations involving taxi, takeoff, and landing, and all other flight operations below 10,000’ except cruise flight.
Even though this rule was established primarily for air carrier flight crews, all pilots can significantly improve flight safety by reducing distractions during critical phases of flight.
What is the purpose of using distractions during flight training?
To determine that the student possesses the skills required to cope with distractions while maintaining the degree of aircraft control required for safe flight.
Pilots at all skill levels should be aware of the increased risk of entering into an inadvertent stall or spin while performing tasks that are secondary to controlling the aircraft.
Define the term “integrated flight instruction”.
A technique of flight instruction in which students are taught to perform flight maneuvers by reference to both the flight instruments and outside visual references from the time a maneuver is first introduced.
What are the different methods a flight instructor can use to assess piloting ability?
There are many types of assessment, but the flight instructor generally uses the following to ascertain knowledge or practical skill levels:
- Review
- Collaborative Assessment
- Written Tests
- Performance-Based Tests
Why is the assessment of piloting ability so essential to the teaching process?
Assessment determines how, what, and how well a student is learning.
It provides a student with something constructive upon which he or she can build.
It provides the student with direction and guidance to raise their level of performance.
Define the term “aeronautical decision making”.
ADM is a systematic approach to the mental process used by aircraft pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.
What are the basic steps to the decision making process?
- Define the problem
- Choose a course of action
- Implement the decision
- Evaluate the outcome
Describe the various tools your students can use to practice ADM and risk management.
3P’s : A decision-making process designed to perceive hazards, assess the degree of risk, and determine the best course of action: Perceive, Process and Perform.
PAVE : Divides the risks of flight into four categories: Pilot, Aircraft, Environment, External Pressures.
CARE : Use to determine level of risk by assessing the Consequences, Alternatives, Reality, External Pressures.
TEAM : Manage the risk by deciding whether to Transfer, Eliminate, Accept, or Mitigate.
DECIDE : Provides a simple and logical decision making process: Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate.
5P’s : Used to asses risk in each of the five categories: Plan, Pilot, Plane, Passengers, and Programming.
The DECIDE model of decision making involves which elements?
Detect a change needing attention.
Estimate the need to counter or react to the change.
Choose the most desirable outcome for the flight.
Identify actions to successfully control the change.
Do something to adapt to the change.
Evaluate the effect of the action countering the change.
What are the three types of stressors that can affect pilot performance?
Physical Stress - conditions associated with the environment, such as temperature and humidity extremes, noise, vibration, and lack of oxygen.
Physiological Stress - physical conditions such as fatigue, lack of physical fitness, sleep loss, missed meals, and illness.
Psychological Stress - social or emotional factors, such as a death in the family, a divorce, a sick child, or a demotion at work. This type of stress may also be related to mental workload, such as analyzing a problem, navigating an aircraft, or making decisions.
